结合实时数据产品与北斗短报文的厘米级海洋精密相对定位

针对远海精密定位的广泛需求和传统精密定位服务费用昂贵的问题,提出利用北斗短报文设备传输导航观测数据,结合实时服务数据产品,以实现海洋的低成本厘米级精密相对定位。为了克服短报文传输频率低的缺点,采用融合空间相对定位和精密单点定位两种技术来加密分钟间隔以外的坐标,避免了传统时间基线法加密坐标存在的误差累积现象。分别基于静态和动态海洋观测数据进行仿真实验,结果表明,新方法无论在水平方向还是垂直方向上,都可以实现厘米级定位,且对时间间隔不敏感。     

基于随机拟合的悬浮式深弹弹阵特征建模＊

通过分析悬浮式深弹发射后在空中的弹道特性,建立了深弹弹着点坐标的计算模型。采取蒙特卡洛方法,分别对舰艇六自由度状态下,单管和六联装火箭深弹的弹着点坐标进行了仿真计算,对弹着点的分布规律进行了研究,并得出弹着点的联合密度函数。结果表明,在发射参数存在正态扰动时,弹着点散布区域均呈椭圆形分布,弹着点坐标均仍服从正态分布。     

Deconsolidation and combustion performance of thermally consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layers coating

Both heating and solvent-spray methods are used to consolidate the standard grains of double-base oblate sphere propellants plasticized with triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) (TEGDN propellants) to high density propellants. The obtained consolidated propellants are deterred and coated with the slow burning multi-layer coating. The maximum compaction density of deterred and coated consolidated propellants can reach up to 1.39 g/cm³. Their mechanic, deconsolidation and combustion performances are tested by the materials test machine, interrupted burning set-up and closed vessel, respectively. The static compression strength of consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layer coating increases significantly to 18 MPa, indicating that they can be applied in most circumstances of charge service. And the samples are easy to deconsolidate in the interrupted burning test. Furthermore, the closed bomb burning curves of the samples indicate a two-stage combustion phenomenon under the condition of certain thickness of coated multi-layers. After the outer deterred multi-layer coating of consolidated samples is finished burning, the inner consolidated propellants continue to burn and breakup into aggregates and grains. The high burning progressivity can be carefully obtained by the smart control of deconsolidation process and duration of consolidated propellants. The preliminary results of consolidated propellants show that a rapid deconsolidation process at higher deconsolidation pressure is presented in the dynamic vivacity curves of closed bomb test. Higher density and higher macro progressivity of consolidated propellants can be obtained by the techniques in this paper.     

顾及地磁影响的GNSS电离层层析不等像素间距算法

突破传统全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)层析反演研究忽略地球磁场对电离层变化活动的影响,同时顾及不同电离层高度电子密度变化较大的影响,提出在地磁坐标系下建立电离层高度方向上不等像素间距的GNSS层析反演方法。在此基础上,通过建立新的电离层层析迭代松弛因子,提高GNSS电离层电子密度层析反演结果精度。利用IRI—2007电离层模型、GNSS实测数据与电离层测高仪数据,从模拟验证和实测数据对比两方面,反演统计了不同层析算法估算的峰值电离层电子密度误差、电子密度剖面结果平均绝对百分比误差及均方根误差,验证了顾及地磁影响的GNSS电离层层析不等像素间距算法的有效性。     

Cross-linking density and aging constitutive model of HTPB coating under prestrain thermal accelerated aging

In order to study the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating during storage, the thermal accelerated aging tests at 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% prestrains were carried out. The cross-linking density of HTPB coating at different aging stages were tested using low-field ¹H NMR and the variation of cross-linking density was analyzed. The aging model of cross-linking density considering the chemical aging and the physical stretching factors was established. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on HTPB coating at different aging stages and the cross-linking density was introduced into Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model as a characterization parameter of correction coefficient. Combined with uniaxial tensile test results, a prestrain aging constitutive model of HTPB coating was established. The results show that the cross-linking density of HTPB coating increases rapidly at first and then slowly with the increase of thermal accelerated aging time without prestrain. Under prestrain conditions, the cross-linking density of HTPB coating decreases at the early stage, and increases rapidly at first and then slowly at the middle and late stages of thermal accelerated aging. The correlation coefficients of aging model of cross-linking density and aging constitutive model with test results are R > 0.9500 and R > 0.9900 respectively, which can be used to accurately describe the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating under prestrain accelerated thermal aging conditions.     

适用于北斗混合星座的相对定位随机模型建模策略

为提高模糊度解算成功率和基线解精度,提出适用于北斗的相对定位随机模型建模策略,即混合随机建模策略。采用最小二乘方差分量估计方法对北斗单差观测量方差进行估计。对处于不同高度的三轨道卫星观测量方差分别建模:对地球静止轨道卫星观测量方差采用载噪比模型建模,对倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中地球轨道卫星观测量方差均采用仰角模型建模。根据不同模型实时组建观测量的随机模型。试验结果表明:相比于采用传统简化模型和单一的仰角或载噪比模型,混合随机模型能更加真实地反映不同卫星观测量的随机噪声特性,模糊度解算成功率和相对定位精度均有提高,总体性能最优,因而能更好地适用于北斗系统。     

COSMIC掩星电子密度廓线的质量检核

利用COSMIC掩星任务自2010年至2014年的电离层电子密度廓线,使用只考虑廓线自身特性的4种参数进行质量检核,并对廓线质量的时空分布进行分析。发现在廓线质量的空间分布上,廓线不合格率在高纬地区最高,其次是低纬地区,在中纬地区最低,这可能与电子密度分布在磁赤道附近存在赤道异常、两极地区的磁场强度最大有关。廓线质量的季节变化较明显,在南、北半球,冬、春两季的廓线不合格率均显著高于夏、秋两季。另外,廓线质量具有一定昼夜分布特性,不合格率白天明显较夜晚低,且在晨昏分界线上变化较大。合格廓线的电子密度峰值和峰值高度分布在磁赤道附近明显高于其他区域,呈现"双驼峰"现象。     

高精度空间非合作式相对轨道状态预报

为了解决接近空间非合作目标过程中的相对导航问题,提出一种基于相对轨道动力学方程和二阶龙格库塔积分公式的高精度空间非合作目标相对轨道预报模型。考虑地球J2摄动加速度,将目标轨道方程在参考轨道附近展开,保留至引力加速度差的二阶展开项,并进一步推导考虑J2摄动的参考轨道角速度和角加速度,建立相对轨道动力学微分方程;在给定相对轨道初值的情况下,采用二阶龙格库塔积分公式进行相对轨道预报。该模型采用数值积分方法,对相对轨道动力学模型形式没有限制,通用性好,适用范围广;选择低阶龙格库塔公式积分预报,既减少了计算量又保证了计算精度。设置高轨和低轨两种相对运动仿真场景,仿真结果表明了模型的通用性和精确性。     

基于前四阶矩的非高斯响应概率密度函数逼近方法研究

基于响应前四阶统计矩研究了在偏态系数和峰度系数取值范围不同时Gram-Charlier渐进展式、Edgeworth渐进展式和Fleishman多项式3种非高斯概率密度函数,指出3种方法的适用条件。结果表明与Gram-Charlier和Edgeworth渐进展式相比,Fleishman多项式对峰度系数的变化不敏感,该方法只有在峰度系数与高斯分布一致时拟合的结果才有可能是合理的;Gram-Charlier和Edgeworth渐进展式在中、高度偏态情况下易出现负的概率,二者在低等偏态情况下拟合的结果是比较合理的。两算例表明在高等偏态、尖峰和对称、扁平分布情况下,Gram-Charlier和Edgeworth渐进展式拟合结果优于Fleishman多项式,但Gram-Charlier渐进展式易于出现负的概率,在应用时应引起注意。     

含黏砂土渗透系数的3种试验方法浅析

对含黏砂土进行3种试验方法的渗透试验,即变水头渗透试验、常水头渗透试验和一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验,探讨了含黏砂土的渗透系数与干密度之间的函数关系,试验结果表明渗透系数随干密度的增大而呈现指数函数形式的衰减。3种试验方法所得函数形式是一致的,说明3种方法测试含黏砂土的渗透特性都是可靠的。