PEACEKEEPERS AS PERPETRATORS OF ABUSE

I am afraid there is clear evidence that acts of gross misconduct have taken place. This is a shameful thing for the United Nations to have to say, and I am absolutely outraged by it.

—Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary-General

Despite promulgating a comprehensive set of guidelines to deter UN personnel from committing acts of sexual misconduct, allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse have become widespread within United Nations peacekeeping missions. The policy of zero-tolerance for peacekeeper misconduct has not been matched by strong disciplinary measures, and crimes are often ignored and rarely punished: absentee fathers, rapists and murderers simply disappear back in their home countries. In countries where women and children rarely have the same economic resources, political rights and authority or control over their environment—or their bodies—they easily become prey for those in perceived positions of power and authority. By failing to hold those responsible to account, the UN may in fact be fuelling even greater discrimination and violence against women and children. In order to ensure those who are mandated to protect to do not become perpetrators of abuse, the UN must take a stronger stand against those who commit acts of sexual misconduct, and must ensure that victims see that their abuser is brought to justice and that reparation is offered. A recent report submitted by the Secretary-General's Special Envoy on Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse makes a comprehensive set of recommendations to prevent, detect, and respond to these allegations. The aim of this essay is to highlight some of the main points of the Special Envoy's report, and to examine the practical challenges the UN and troop/police contributing countries will face when attempting to implement these recommendations.     

基于体系结构方法的机群对海作战活动分析

机群综合电子信息系统在高技术局部战争环境中可以为机群协同作战提供信息能力与优势,对机群作战活动的分析是设计其体系结构的基础,因此对机群在作战中的活动进行分析有重要意义。针对海军航空兵机群的对海作战,利用体系结构设计工具,在DoD AF V1.0框架下分析了机群对海作战活动,并在此基础上开发了相关作战视图。     

模拟海深条件下提升阀流动特性的实验研究

水压传动技术应用于深海环境可以直接从海洋中吸水加压,高压水作功之后可以直接排入海洋,不需要水箱和回水管道,大大简化了系统,具有独特的优势。然而,在深海作业时,液压元件的工况同陆地相比有较大的差异,海深压力相当于在元件出口加了一个背压。文中用背压来模拟海水压力,对以水作介质时背压对提升阀口流量特性的影响进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,背压使得流量饱和更容易发生;有背压时的流量系数比没有背压时的流量系数大;当阀芯和阀座有叠合时,背压对阀口流量特性的影响比阀芯和阀座没有叠合时的影响大。     

Capacity allocation to sales agents in a decentralized logistics network

Many logistics systems operate in a decentralized way, while most optimization models assume a centralized planner. One example of a decentralized system is in some sea cargo companies: sales agents, who share ship capacity on a network, independently accept cargo from their location and contribute to the revenue of the system. The central headquarters does not directly control the agents' decisions but can influence them through system design and incentives. In this paper, we model the firm's problem to determine the best capacity allocation to the agents such that system revenue is maximized. In the special case of a single‐route, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer program incorporating the optimal agent behavior. For the NP‐hard multiple‐route case, we propose several heuristics for the problem. Computational experiments show that the decentralized system generally performs worse when network capacity is tight and that the heuristics perform reasonably well. We show that the decentralized system may perform arbitrarily worse than the centralized system when the number of locations goes to infinity, although the choice of sales incentive impacts the performance. We develop an upper bound for the decentralized system, where the bound gives insight on the performance of the heuristics in large systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

一种随机海洋波模型及其数字仿真

介绍了一种随机海洋波谱模型,分析了波谱模型中的波幅计算的三种频率谱函数。针对不同海风条件（风速和风向）,对模型进行了仿真和比较。数字仿真结果表明：该模型较好地反映了随机海洋表面的动力学特性,运用该模型可以得到随机变化海浪的逼真的仿真图像     

论施绍莘昆曲创作的时尚特征

晚明散曲家施绍莘是明人散曲中之大成者,他采用昆腔新声创制了许多优秀的散曲作品,并且获得非常好的市场反响。施绍莘对晚明音乐突出的贡献是迎合流行口味,把北曲的唱法、乐器等融进南曲音乐中,增强了昆曲的表现力和感染力,使之达到新的审美高度。     

从生态式教育的角度读《窗边的小豆豆》

生态式教育是一种整体性、融合性、开放性的教育,关注教育目标的整合性,教育活动的综合性,教育评价的开放性和师生关系的平等性。《窗边的小豆豆》一书是曾任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使的黑柳彻子的一部自传体小说,主要叙述了巴学园中小林宗作校长的教育活动。这本书中充分展示了生态式教育的基本内涵,体现了＂对话＂这一生态式教育的核心理念,塑造了一个成功的学校模式和教育家的形象。     

着眼院校长远发展,努力开创我院体育工作新局面

通过对我院体育现状的分析研究,结合国内及军内外大学体育发展的趋势,提出了加强装甲兵工程学院体育工作改革的4点建议。     

小组讨论与英语综合能力的培养

本文探讨了一个长期以来被大学英语教学所忽略的问题-小组讨论与英语综合能力的培养之间的关系.小组讨论可以提高说的能力、促进语篇教学和写作.     

海上横向补给系统高架索参数影响分析

在不考虑动载荷影响前提下,基于力学基本原理建立了海上横向补给系统高架索静挠度与张力的表达式,在此基础上,研究了张力、集中载荷、高架索两端高度差、高架索跨距等系统参数对高架索最大静挠度的影响.结果表明,在可控因素中,张力对高架索静挠度影响最大.最后,借助符号运算软件MatIlematica得到了货物沿整个高架索输送过程的运行轨迹,同时利用抛物线极值理论得到了货物输送危险点表达式.