A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system with repair priority

In this article, an optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components with repair priority is studied. Assume that both Components 1 and 2, after repair, are not as good as new, and the main component (Component 1) has repair priority. Both the sequence of working times and that of the components'repair times are generated by geometric processes. We consider a bivariate replacement policy (T,N) in which the system is replaced when either cumulative working time of Component 1 reaches T, or the number of failures of Component 1 reaches N, whichever occurs first. The problem is to determine the optimal replacement policy (T,N)* such that the long run average loss per unit time (or simply the average loss rate) of the system is minimized. An explicit expression of this rate is derived, and then optimal policy (T,N)* can be numerically determined through a two‐dimensional‐search procedure. A numerical example is given to illustrate the model's applicability and procedure, and to illustrate some properties of the optimal solution. We also show that if replacements are made solely on the basis of the number of failures N, or solely on the basis of the cumulative working time T, the former class of policies performs better than the latter, albeit only under some mild conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

军用装备软件需求层次分解及其规格描述

不规范的软件需求是造成无法顺利开展装备软件定型测评的重要原因。介绍了软件需求的基本概念,指出了军用装备软件需求的层次划分和各层需求的产生与描述方法,定义了需求文档的若干质量属性,从形式化、半形式化到自然语言的顺序介绍了软件需求的描述方法,并对用自然语言描述软件需求时应注意的问题列举了实例进行说明。利用该方法开展软件需求分析和规格说明定义,可以缓解当前定型测评所面临的困难,使装备软件定型测评在技术实施上得到保证。     

Inventory cost impact of order processing priorities based on demand uncertainty

We evaluate an approach to decrease inventory costs at retail inventory locations that share a production facility. The retail locations sell the same product but differ in the variance of retail demand. Inventory policies at retail locations generate replenishment orders for the production facility. The production facility carries no finished goods inventory. Thus, production lead time for an order is the sojourn time in a single server queueing system. This lead time affects inventory costs at retail locations. We examine the impact of moving from a First Come First Served (FCFS) production rule for orders arriving at the production facility to a rule in which we provide non‐preemptive priority (PR) to orders from retail locations with higher demand uncertainty. We provide three approximations for the ratio of inventory costs under PR and FCFS and use them to identify conditions under which PR decreases retail inventory costs over FCFS. We then use a Direct Approach to establish conditions when PR decreases retail inventory costs over FCFS. We extend the results to orders from locations that differ in the mean and variance of demand uncertainty. The analysis suggests that tailoring lead times to product demand characteristics may decrease system inventory costs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 376–390, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10016     

陆军武器装备体系需求生成支撑平台建设

分析了装备需求论证中存在的问题,探讨了武器装备体系需求生成的目标。借鉴外军武器装备需求生成的成功经验,以"需求驱动、架构主导"的系统工程思想和方法为指导,提出陆军武器装备体系需求生成支撑平台的要求、任务和组成,并结合具体工具给出支撑平台设计框架示例。     

Discrete‐time analysis of MAP/PH/1 multiclass general preemptive priority queue

We use the matrix‐geometric method to study the MAP/PH/1 general preemptive priority queue with a multiple class of jobs. A procedure for obtaining the block matrices representing the transition matrix P is presented. We show that the special upper triangular structure of the matrix R obtained by Miller [Computation of steady‐state probabilities for M/M/1 priority queues, Oper Res 29(5) (1981), 945–958] can be extended to an upper triangular block structure. Moreover, the subblock matrices of matrix R also have such a structure. With this special structure, we develop a procedure to compute the matrix R. After obtaining the stationary distribution of the system, we study two primary performance indices, namely, the distributions of the number of jobs of each type in the system and their waiting times. Although most of our analysis is carried out for the case of K = 3, the developed approach is general enough to study the other cases (K ≥ 4). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 662–682, 2003.     

C4ISR系统需求模型

目前军事需求的描述方法主要是理论研究为主,无法较好应用于我军的需求开发实践.根据我军联合作战指挥信息系统的需求开发经验,提出了一种可行的C4ISR需求描述模型,首先分析了需求建模所涉及的要素及其关系,提出了C4ISR需求模型的概念,然后以图形化和形式化两种形式分别对用户模型、活动模型、信息模型和功能模型等4个方面进行了需求描述方法的研究.     

Priority and dynamic scheduling in a make‐to‐stock queue with hyperexponential demand

We consider the scheduling problem in a make‐to‐stock queue with two demand classes that can be differentiated based on their variability. One class experiences Poisson arrivals and the other class experiences hyperexponential renewal arrivals. We provide an exact analysis of the case where the demand class with higher variability is given non‐preemptive priority. The results are then used to compare the inventory cost performance of three scheduling disciplines, first‐come first‐serve and priority to either class. We then build on an existing dynamic scheduling heuristic to propose a modification that works well for our system. Extensions of the heuristic to more than two classes and to the case where demand state is known are also discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

地空导弹群火力优化分配模型

地空导弹群火力优化分配是对多批空中目标分别选择最有效的地空导弹火力单元进行拦截,形成最佳兵力、兵器使用方案,它是地空导弹武器指控系统的一项重要功能。从研究地空导弹群火力优化分配过程出发,建立了地空导弹拦截适宜性检查模型、射击优先度指标计算模型和火力分配方案优化模型,为仿真地空导弹群火力优化分配过程提供了模型依据。     

数字化部队保障装备能力需求满足度评价模型

针对数字化部队保障装备不能较好的执行战时装备保障任务,依据部队作战和保障的特点和实际,运用IDEF 3方法形式化描述了作战和保障任务基本流程。为了提高指标体系的全面性和适用性,从满足装备执行作战和保障任务需求角度出发,按照"保障活动-保障能力-保障效果"逻辑关系逐步分析,在依据相关原则和进行重要度、稳定度判定的基础上,确立了数字化部队保障装备能力需求满足度评价指标体系。为提供指标权重的客观性和准确性,采用改进的群体层次分析法(IGAHP)对评价指标赋权。针对评价过程中的模糊性和随机性,运用云理论实现指标聚合和综合评价。最后,以某部队保障装备为对象进行示例评价,验证了模型的合理性和适用性。     

基于仿真的飞机战损部位及备件需求确定

飞机战斗损伤部位及战时备件需求的确定对做好战时维修保障工作具有重要意义.提出了作战飞机的战斗损伤部位的确定方法,建立了飞机部件的当量模型和飞机受导弹攻击的仿真模型,确定了飞机的战伤分布规律.在确定飞机战伤分布规律的基础上,建立了飞机战伤备件和故障备件需求模型,为作战飞机的战伤研究及航材储备作了有益的探讨.