Basic scheduling problems with raw material constraints

One of the achievements of scheduling theory is its contribution to practical applications in industrial settings. In particular, taking finiteness of the available production capacity explicitly into account, has been a major improvement of standard practice. Availability of raw materials, however, which is another important constraint in practice, has been largely disregarded in scheduling theory. This paper considers basic models for scheduling problems in contemporary manufacturing settings where raw material availability is of critical importance. We explore single scheduling machine problems, mostly with unit or all equal processing times, and L_max and C_max objectives. We present polynomial time algorithms, complexity and approximation results, and computational experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

论颠覆性技术与军事理论创新的辩证法

技术决定战术,军事技术历来是战争领域最活跃、最具有生命力的因素。当前,以军事智能为特征的颠覆性技术已成为推动新一轮军事革命的强力引擎,它改变了原有战争样式和形态,使战争制胜机理发生复杂而深刻的变化。军事理论作为战争实践的先导,必须首先把握、科学预测和有效评判新技术对战争带来的影响,才能发挥出理论的牵引作用。古往今来的历次战争实践表明,军事理论与技术之间往往不是并行发展的,而是相互错位、交替向前的。谁能在错位的当口抢占先机,缩短错位周期,谁就能提前形成代际优势或代差,赢得战争主动。因此,必须充分认清军事理论创新与颠覆性技术之间的关系,找准军事理论与颠覆性技术错位的原因,运用科学方法,加强理技结合,把颠覆性技术内化于军事理论,达成超越对手的“理论突袭”。     

机动式保障基地系统防护需求分析

当前,军队工程防护对象以地下工程和野战阵地为主,对于设施设备及军事活动以地表为主的机动式保障基地系统,其毁伤特点规律、防护威胁、评估方法及防护标准等尚无专门研究。本文介绍了机动式保障基地系统的基本概念、主要功能及构成要素,研究了近年来典型军事基地遇袭案例,采用案例分析与数据库研究相结合的方法,分析了机动式保障基地系统的主要威胁及其毁伤元和毁伤评估量,并提出机动式保障基地系统防护需求的构建原则和评估步骤。根据建立的原则和步骤,建立5级防护需求等级,以海外维和基地为例,分析了基地内各类保障装备的防护等级需求和防护等级设置的主要依据,为开展机动式保障基地系统防护体系研究打下基础。     

基于能力的指挥信息系统需求获取方法

一体化联合作战是信息化条件下的新的作战形式,为满足一体化联合作战的需要,作战能力与联合作战概念的结合已成为大势所趋.目前国内常用的指挥信息系统需求获取方法缺乏顶层作战概念和目标的指导,没有考虑联合作战的要求.通过分析,将指挥信息系统需求划分为作战需求、用户需求和系统需求3个层次,总结了指挥信息系统在一体化联合作战的要求下应当具备的能力,参考美军JCIDS系统方法和流程,提出了基于能力的指挥信息系统需求获取方法.     

利用对象Petri网验证场景

序列图表示的场景常被用于系统开发早期的需求获取与描述,但因其弱语义性而难以被验证.将序列图表示的场景转换为语义精细的对象Petri网模型OPDL,并通过其仿真环境OPMSE对其进行仿真,将场景描述的系统行为"展示"给需求开发者和用户,以此进行行为需求的验证.     

谈英语教学中学生创造思维的培养

目前,我国外语教学普遍存在费时较多、收效较低的现象,特别是精读课教学,向来只注重给学生注入语言知识,而轻视学生创造思维能力的培养。要解决这一问题,外语教学工作者必须改变教学观念,避免在外语课教学中只重识记而轻思维这一现象。     

一种基于QFD的结构化装备作战需求论证方法

通过对装备作战需求分析,提出一种系统化、结构化的装备作战需求论证方法,为作战需求分析提供方法支持。该方法不仅可规范需求分析过程,增强需求分析过程的合理性、全面性和可操作性,而且对提高需求分析的理论水平,提高武器装备的论证质量,具有一定的意义。     

Requirements planning for modular products

The focus of this paper is on determining the requirements of different component options of a modular end‐product in an uncertain environment. We explicitly model two distinct sources of uncertainty: stochastic end‐product demand and unknown market proportions for the different product options available. Our cost minimizing model focuses on determining the optimal requirements policies for component options that meet a pre‐set service level. We show that simple common‐sense requirements policies are not generally optimal; there is a non‐linear connection between service level and component requirements that is hard to characterize without a detailed analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

Linking a throughput simulation to a systems dynamics simulation to assess the utility of a US Navy foreign humanitarian aid mission

The success of any humanitarian aid mission is generally measured by the timeliness of critical supplies that are delivered to the affected area. However, a more interesting analysis may be to determine the effect of the aid on the overall satisfaction of the local population. The authors' research focused on the delivery of humanitarian aid to a notional region that was decimated by flooding with ships, landing craft and security personnel provided by the US Navy and Marines. While the research effort addressed naval force structure, the focus of the research was: (1) to assess different delivery methods for the aid; and (2) to determine how the aid delivery impacted the overall satisfaction of the local population. To examine both concerns, two simulation models were developed, with one examining the throughput of aid delivered during the operation, and the other the satisfaction of the population based on the humanitarian aid effort.     

基于XML的武器装备作战需求核心数据管理方法

武器装备作战需求核心数据管理是作战需求分析的基础。针对目前作战需求缺乏统一的底层数据管理标准的现状,制定了基于XML的核心数据存储、抽取和一致性检验策略,实现了作战需求核心数据的管理。实践应用表明,该方法能够为需求论证工程化提供有效的底层数据支撑。