BANNING BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) underpins the international regime to control biological weapons. The strength of the treaty however relies on national implementation. The first step for many states party to the Convention is drafting appropriate national laws and regulations. So far, 32 countries in Africa are signatory to the BTWC. More recently, in 2004, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1540, which requires all UN Member States to put in place legislation to prevent the illicit trafficking of material that could be used to develop weapons of mass destruction. The need for such wide-ranging legislation is recognised African countries but its creation and implementation pose specific challenges.     

大学自习教室优化设置研究

针对目前大学自习教室资源浪费普遍存在的现象,将学生上自习与否视为独立同分布随机变量,从自习教室的管理与维护成本、电费成本以及学生的满意度3个方面出发,建立了双目标随机规划模型,并在模型基础上提出了大学自习教室设置的一般方法。通过实例分析,对模型的正确性和有效性进行了论证。结果表明:在各种情况下,该模型都能很好地解决自习教室设置这一问题,并且能在学生满意度较高的条件下,节约能源13%以上。该模型可以有效地对自习教室进行优化设置,不仅提高了资源利用水平,而且节约了能源。     

基于XML的武器装备作战需求核心数据管理方法

武器装备作战需求核心数据管理是作战需求分析的基础。针对目前作战需求缺乏统一的底层数据管理标准的现状,制定了基于XML的核心数据存储、抽取和一致性检验策略,实现了作战需求核心数据的管理。实践应用表明,该方法能够为需求论证工程化提供有效的底层数据支撑。     

无人机飞行训练资源配置效率的AHP-Arena综合评价方法

为降低传统层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)赋权过程主观片面性影响,提出了一种综合AHP与Arena仿真建模技术的无人机训练资源配置效率评价方法。基于飞行训练流程分析,确定了训练资源配置效率影响因素和效率评价指标,建立了层次型综合评价体系,概括了AHP-Arena综合评价步骤。利用Arena建模软件构建训练流程动态仿真系统并验证有效性,采用单变量数值仿真法、均方差决策法完成了影响因素客观赋权,通过线性加权综合法得出综合评价系数,实现资源配置效率评价与方案优选。实例应用说明了该方法的有效性,同时,该方法可推广至其他类似的训练过程中,亦可为其他多因素、多指标评价决策过程提供借鉴。     

火灾公众责任保险与消防治理问题研究

阐述了火灾公众责任保险的涵义,分析了火灾公众责任保险在消防治理中的作用,梳理了火灾公众责任保险的发展现状问题,进而提出消防治理视阈下火灾公众责任保险的发展思路。     

论全球化时代背景下的边境管理活动

在全球化时代背景下,边境管理活动已经和正在发生着明显的变化,不同的国家进行着迥异的管理,多样化的管理方式说明了边境管理活动本身的复杂性。过去有学者认为边境管理是武装警卫边境的活动,现在有学者认为边境管理是行政管理活动、甚至仅仅是一种服务行为。笔者认为,边境管理活动是一个综合体,边境管理可以是军事方式、行政方式或者其他方式,这完全取决于一国安全和发展的需要。     

机载雷达功率管理建模与仿真

分析了截获形成的条件,给出功率管理建模的4步通用流程,并得出影响功率管理策略的2个因素:雷达体制和目标类型。结合技战术环境及应用背景,对雷达的几种主要体制和目标类型进行组合,选取出4种典型的工作模式,分别建立功率管理数学模型。最后设定2种典型作战场景进行功率管理仿真。仿真结果证明了所建立的功率管理模型的准确性和有效性。     

Impact of tax reduction policies on consumer purchase of new automobiles: An analytical investigation with real data‐based experiments

We investigate and compare the impact of the tax reduction policies implemented in the United States and China to stimulate consumer purchase of new automobiles and improve manufacturers' profits. The U.S. policy provides each qualifying consumer with a federal income tax deduction on state and local sales and excise taxes paid on the purchase price (up to a cutoff level), whereas the Chinese policy reduces the vehicle sales tax rate for consumers. We observe that these policy designs are consistent with the tax management system and the economic environment in the respective country. We analytically determine the effects of the two tax reduction policies on the automobile sales and the manufacturer's and the retailer's profits. Numerical examples are then used to provide insights on the importance of certain factors that influence the effects of the two policies. Finally, a numerical experiment with sensitivity analysis based on real data is conducted to compare the merits and characteristics of the two policies under comparable conditions. We find that the U.S. policy is better than the Chinese policy in stimulating the sales of high‐end automobiles, whereas the Chinese policy is better than the U.S. policy in improving the sales of low‐end automobiles. The U.S. policy is slightly more effective in increasing the profitability of the automobile supply chain; but, in general, the Chinese policy is more cost effective. The methodology developed herein can be used to evaluate other tax reduction policies such as those related to the purchase of energy‐saving vehicles and to serve as a decision model to guide the choice of alternative tax reduction policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 577–598, 2014     

改进加强院校科研项目和经费管理的思考

国务院《关于改进加强中央财政科研项目和资金管理的若干意见》针对我国当前科研项目管理及经费管理存在的重大问题,全面部署了改革的方向和重点。《若干意见》要求加强科研项目的集中统筹和分类管理,规范科研项目的管理流程,加强对项目完成质量要求。同时,要求增强预算编制的合理性、经费使用的规范性与灵活性,并将直接经费与间接经费加以分离。院校应该建立和完善科研项目管理服务体系、经费管理服务体系、内部自查自纠机制,加强配套制度建设,为院校科技创新能力的提升提供制度保障。