多传感器优化布站及管理算法研究

在多传感器优化布站和传感器管理算法研究中 ,提出了传感器覆盖系数和火力通道覆盖系数两个新概念 ,并据此给出了传感器优化布站原则 ,然后针对防空导弹武器系统所面临的各种复杂环境 ,对各种传感器管理算法进行了探讨。     

基于RBAC的分布式数据库系统安全管理技术

分析了分布式数据库系统安全管理的必要性 ,引入了基于角色的访问控制模型 ,结合分布式数据库系统的开发实例 ,阐述了利用Delphi实现基于SQLServer的分布式数据库系统安全管理的技术。     

武器装备作战控制软件管理方法

随着科学技术不断进步 ,微处理器及其作战控制软件已被现代武器装备大量采用 ,作战控制软件发挥的作用越来越大 ,对软件的管理亦更加重要 ,通过对作战控制软件管理方面存在的问题的分析 ,提出了加强武器装备作战控制软件管理的方法     

An application of yield management for Internet Service Providers

In this paper we study strategies for better utilizing the network capacity of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) when they are faced with stochastic and dynamic arrivals and departures of customers attempting to log‐on or log‐off, respectively. We propose a method in which, depending on the number of modems available, and the arrival and departure rates of different classes of customers, a decision is made whether to accept or reject a log‐on request. The problem is formulated as a continuous time Markov Decision Process for which optimal policies can be readily derived using techniques such as value iteration. This decision maximizes the discounted value to ISPs while improving service levels for higher class customers. The methodology is similar to yield management techniques successfully used in airlines, hotels, etc. However, there are sufficient differences, such as no predefined time horizon or reservations, that make this model interesting to pursue and challenging. This work was completed in collaboration with one of the largest ISPs in Connecticut. The problem is topical, and approaches such as those proposed here are sought by users. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Naval Research Logistics 48:348–362, 2001     

Lateral stock transshipments in a two‐location inventory system with fixed and joint replenishment costs

We address the problem of inventory management in a two‐location inventory system, in which the transshipments are carried out as means of emergency or alternative supply after demand has been realized. This model differs from previous ones as regards its replenishment costs structure, in which nonnegligible fixed replenishment costs and a joint replenishment cost are considered. The single period planning horizon is analyzed, with the form and several properties of the optimal replenishment and transshipment policies developed, discussed and illustrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 525–547, 1999     

突发重大疫情风险管理支撑方法研究【专题】

突发重大疫情后,科学的风险管理方法可为有效规避和控制风险提供有力支撑。在突发重大疫情风险管理中,风险识别是基础,风险评估是核心,风险控制是目的。本文系统梳理与分析了风险管理中的常用方法,包括风险识别中的现场勘查法、事故树分析法、过程回溯法、专家认证法和案例分析法等5种方法,风险评估中的风险坐标图法、关键风险指标法、蒙特卡罗法、因果关系法和综合评价法等5种方法,以及风险控制决策中的成本收益决策法、决策树法和损失期望值决策法等3种方法,并对每种方法如何在此次由新型冠状病毒引发的突发重大疫情中实践应用进行了举例说明,可为今后在应对突发重大疫情时进行科学风险识别、有效风险评估和精准风险控制决策提供借鉴与参考。     

我国数据驱动管理决策研究现状分析

数据驱动管理决策研究是大数据时代管理工程领域研究的重要方向。本文提出了基于社会网络分析方法的总体思路,采集、清洗和处理了我国数据驱动管理决策研究文献数据,建立了文献数据的共词矩阵,并进行了共词分析,构建了我国数据驱动管理决策研究的社群图,从点度中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度等方面研究了我国数据驱动管理决策研究现状,提出了当前研究热点和研究对象。此外,我们从大数据时代管理决策特点规律和作用机理揭示、数据驱动管理决策体系框架构建和要素分析、管理决策数据驱动技术工具和模型构建等方面总结了未来研究重点和趋势。研究结论对于我国开展数据驱动的管理决策理论研究和实践应用能够提供参考借鉴。     

Dynamic pricing in a trade-in program with replacement and new customers

Trade-in programs have been widely adopted to enhance repeat purchase from replacement customers. Considering that a market consists of replacement and new segments, we study the joint and dynamic decisions on the selling price of new product (hereafter, “selling price”) and the trade-in price involved in the program. By adopting a vertical product differentiation choice model, we investigate two scenarios in this paper. In the base model, the manufacturer has sufficiently large production capacity to fulfill the customer demand. We characterize the structural properties of the joint pricing decisions and compare them with the optimal pricing policy under regular selling. We further propose a semi-dynamic trade-in program, under which the new product is sold at a fixed price and the trade-in price can be adjusted dynamically. Numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the dynamic and semi-dynamic trade-in programs. In an extended model, we consider the scenario in which the manufacturer stocks a batch of new products in the beginning of the selling horizon and the inventory cannot be replenished. Following a revenue management framework, we characterize the structural properties with respect to time period and inventory level of new products.     

Spatial pricing and product allocation in online retailing

Spatial pricing means a retailer price discriminates its customers based on their geographic locations. In this article, we study how an online retailer should jointly allocate multiple products and facilitate spatial price discrimination to maximize profits. When deciding between a centralized product allocation ((i.e., different products are allocated to the same fulfillment center) and decentralized product allocation (ie, different products are allocated to different fulfillment centers), the retailer faces the tradeoff between shipment pooling (ie, shipping multiple products in one package), and demand localization (ie, stocking products to satisfy local demand) based on its understanding of customers' product valuations. In our basic model, we consider two widely used spatial pricing policies: free on board (FOB) pricing that charges each customer the exact amount of shipping cost, and uniform delivered (UD) pricing that provides free shipping. We propose a stylized model and find that centralized product allocation is preferred when demand localization effect is relatively low or shipment pooling benefit is relatively high under both spatial pricing policies. Moreover, centralized product allocation is more preferred under the FOB pricing which encourages the purchase of virtual bundles of multiple products. Furthermore, we respectively extend the UD and FOB pricing policies to flat rate shipping (ie, the firm charges a constant shipping fee for each purchase), and linear rate shipping (ie, the firm sets the shipping fee as a fixed proportion of firm's actual fulfillment costs). While similar observations from the basic model still hold, we find the firm can improve its profit by sharing the fulfillment cost with its customers via the flat rate or linear rate shipping fee structure.     

Callable products with dependent demands

Capacity providers such as airlines often sell the same capacity to different market segments at different prices to improve their expected revenues. The absence of a secondary market, due to the nontransferability of airline tickets, gives rise to an opportunity for airlines to broker capacity between consumers with different willingness to pay. One way to broker capacity is by the introduction of callable products. The idea is similar to callable bonds where the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds at a certain price by a certain date. The idea of callable products was introduced before under the assumption that the fare-class demands are all independent. The independent assumption becomes untenable when there is significant demand recovery (respectively, demand cannibalization) when lower fares are closed (respectively, opened). In this case, consumer choice behavior should be modeled explicitly to make meaningful decisions. In this paper, we consider a general consumer choice model and develop the optimal strategy for callable products. Our numerical study illustrates how callable products are win-win-win, for the capacity provider and for both high and low fare consumers. Our studies also identify conditions for callable products to result in significant improvements in expected revenues.