边检执勤执法风险评估制度的实践反思及理论建构

边检执勤执法风险评估是理论研究缺失下的制度实践,为避免出现“形式化”、“走过场”的弊病,亟须对其进行系统反思,并对风险评估制度的基本范畴、合理根基、合法来源、体系构成及目前实践中存在的问题以及改进的空间进行研究,在理论上构建并完善边检执勤执法风险评估制度,以进一步指导和完善边检机关风险评估工作实践。     

棕垫材料火灾危险性的热解动力学研究

利用热重分析仪,通过空气与氮气下棕垫材料的对比试验,建立热解表观动力学模型,对棕垫材料的火灾危险性进行分析。通过对试验数据的分析表明,在空气气氛下,棕垫材料第一步失重阶段热解表观动力学模型较好地符合相界反应球形对称模型,第二步与第三步失重阶段较好地符合二级反应模型,活化能范围为32.42-59.09 kJ·mol^-1;在氮气气氛下,棕垫第一步失重阶段较好地符合二级反应模型,第二步失重阶段较好地符合零级反应模型,活化能范围为56.92-72.56 kJ·mol^-1。对比分析其他室内材料的燃烧属性表明,棕垫材料活化能较低、热稳定性差。说明棕垫材料是一种易燃烧物质,火灾危险性较大。     

Unemployed youth: ‘time bombs’ or engines for growth?

While popular narratives about success in South Africa focus on individual effort, accidents of birth continue to determine life prospects. Inequalities in early childhood development, health, and education narrow the range of possibilities that young people have available to them, and this impacts on their risk appetite, including, through the workings of the maturing brain, a propensity to violence, substance abuse, and unsafe sex. New technology offers young people an unprecedented ability to organise and network. This fact, combined with high levels of youth dissatisfaction, unemployment, and marginalisation, leads many to worry that the young are “ticking time bombs”. While there certainly are risks, great unused pools of youth labour also present an opportunity for engaging them in social advancement programmes. Structured youth service is a tried and tested policy option that, when implemented as part of an integrated youth development strategy, can enlist thousands of young people in devoting their considerable energies to leadership for the public good.     

一类带容量限制的运输问题

考虑一类带容量限制的运输问题.采用构造辅助网络的方法,将运输网络中的每个配送中心均拆分成两个节点,构造出新弧,形成新的网络,把此类运输问题转换为最小费用流问题来解决.并在此基础上,考虑运输网络中配送中心的容量扩张问题.     

有限次故障小修模型

针对具有小修的维修策略问题,在提出一定的假设条件后,建立经过长期运行后的单位时间期望损失的模型,研究并分析了有限次故障小修模型,最后通过相应的示例验证了研究结果。     

Designing acceptance sampling schemes for life testing with mixed censoring

Mixed censoring is useful extension of Type I and Type II censoring and combines some advantages of both types of censoring. This paper proposes a general Bayesian framework for designing a variable acceptance sampling scheme with mixed censoring. A general loss function which includes the sampling cost, the time‐consuming cost, the salvage value, and the decision loss is employed to determine the Bayes risk and the corresponding optimal sampling plan. An explicit expression of the Bayes risk is derived. The new model can easily be adapted to create life testing models for different distributions. Specifically, two commonly used distributions including the exponential distribution and the Weibull distribution are considered with a special decision loss function. We demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to models with Type I or Type II censoring. Numerical examples are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

援潜救生进度风险分析

失事潜艇的援救要求在潜艇失事后48h内展开,综合考虑援救任务耗时的随机性和模糊性,将计划评审技术PERT(project evalution and review technique)和模糊概率分析结合起来,用以评估援潜救生任务的进度风险。首先,给出了单独使用PERT技术计算援潜救生准备工作在48h内完成的概率的基本算法;然后,将模糊概率分析引入PERT技术,求出援潜救生任务的关键路线,给出基于模糊PERT分析的完工概率算法;最后,以深潜救生艇从我国北方某基地转运至目的地实施救援任务为例,计算援潜救生准备工作在48h内完成的概率。计算结果的对比表明:使用模糊PERT分析方法比单独使用PERT技术得出的数据更为可靠。     

基于威布尔比例故障率模型的装备检测间隔期多属性模糊决策方法

在对威布尔比例故障率模型进行研究的基础上,以可接受的故障风险为约束,计算了装备的检测间隔期。由于装备使用受到故障风险、检测费用、可用度及停机时间等多属性影响,运用基于加权投影折中法建立了模糊多属性状态检测周期决策模型,实现了多因素条件下状态检测间隔期的综合优化决策。最后,通过实例分析验证了该模型的适用性。     

Evaluating cost and reliability integrated performance of stochastic logistics systems

The significance of integrating reliability into logistics performance has been established [The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators, World Bank International Trade and Transport Departments, (2010)]. Hence, as a response to the work by the World Bank, the present article aims to evaluate the performance index R_b,d of logistics systems as the probability that a specified demand d can be distributed successfully through multistate arc capacities from the source to the destination under the constraint that the total distribution cost should not exceed the cost limitation b. This article provides a pioneering approach for a straightforward computation of the performance index R_b,d. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid between the polynomial time capacity‐scaling algorithm, which was presented by Edmonds and Karp [JACM 19 (1972)], and the decomposition algorithm, which was presented by Jane and Laih [IEEE (2008)]. Currently, the proposed approach is the only algorithm that can directly compute R_b,d. An illustration of the proposed algorithm is presented. The results of the computational experiments indicate that the presented algorithm outperforms existing algorithms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

对数正态分布的维修时间均值检验方法

针对许多装备维修时间服从或近似服从对数正态分布,从对数方差已知或未知两种角度,在控制单方或双方风险的基础上,提出了维修时间均值的检验方法,并通过实例验证了检验方法的实用性。