微波等离子体源分析与紧凑型氢等离子体枪设计

介绍和分析了几种等离子体微波器件中等离子体源,重点讨论了紧凑型氢等离子体枪的设计及其驱动电路。     

Repairable consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F system with Markov dependence

In this article, a model for a repairable consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F system with Markov dependence is studied. A binary vector is used to represent the system state. The failure rate of a component in the system depends on the state of the preceding component. The failure risk of a system state is then introduced. On the basis of the failure risk, a priority repair rule is adopted. Then the transition density matrix can be determined, and the analysis of the system reliability can be conducted accordingly. One example each of a linear and a circular system is then studied in detail to explain the model and methodology developed in this paper. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 18–39, 2000     

土质边坡工程风险分析

扼要地阐述了边坡工程事故引发的原因和边坡工程体系包含的不确定因素,从自然、社会、经济、管理等方面对这些因素进行了归纳,介绍了安全评估的故障树分析法以及由顶事件概率求底事件概率的计算公式.从技术的角度对土质开挖边坡工程体系进行了研究,建立了边坡工程故障树模型以及在此模型下边坡工程风险事件发生概率Pf的计算方法.在求解风险损失的过程中分析了传统专家调查法存在的不足,从而提出改进的专家调查法.通过工程实例,定性和定量地对边坡工程风险进行了分析,利用风险分级体系对风险的大小进行评价,为边坡工程风险管理提供了一定的依据.     

弹药长期贮存后发射药剩余能量的计算

对弹药在长期贮存过程中其发射药剩余能量的变化情况进行了研究。首先建立了箱装弹药中发射药放热规律的数学模型 ,然后利用数值模拟的方法计算了其在贮存过程中的剩余能量 ,最后对计算结果进行了分析与讨论     

装备研制项目技术风险评估模型

建立了装备研制项目技术风险评估模型,并用系统分析的方法,实现了对技术风险的动态评估,并以示例进行了验证.     

Balancing and optimizing a portfolio of R&D projects

A mathematical formulation of an optimization model designed to select projects for inclusion in an R&D portfolio, subject to a wide variety of constraints (e.g., capital, headcount, strategic intent, etc.), is presented. The model is similar to others that have previously appeared in the literature and is in the form of a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem known as the multidimensional knapsack problem. Exact solution of such problems is generally difficult, but can be accomplished in reasonable time using specialized algorithms. The main contribution of this paper is an examination of two important issues related to formulation of project selection models such as the one presented here. If partial funding and implementation of projects is allowed, the resulting formulation is a linear programming (LP) problem which can be solved quite easily. Several plausible assumptions about how partial funding impacts project value are presented. In general, our examples suggest that the problem might best be formulated as a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem, but that there is a need for further research to determine an appropriate expression for the value of a partially funded project. In light of that gap in the current body of knowledge and for practical reasons, the LP relaxation of this model is preferred. The LP relaxation can be implemented in a spreadsheet (even for relatively large problems) and gives reasonable results when applied to a test problem based on GM's R&D project selection process. There has been much discussion in the literature on the topic of assigning a quantitative measure of value to each project. Although many alternatives are suggested, no one way is universally accepted as the preferred way. There does seem to be general agreement that all of the proposed methods are subject to considerable uncertainty. A systematic way to examine the sensitivity of project selection decisions to variations in the measure of value is developed. It is shown that the solution for the illustrative problem is reasonably robust to rather large variations in the measure of value. We cannot, however, conclude that this would be the case in general. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 18–40, 2001     

突发重大疫情风险管理支撑方法研究【专题】

突发重大疫情后,科学的风险管理方法可为有效规避和控制风险提供有力支撑。在突发重大疫情风险管理中,风险识别是基础,风险评估是核心,风险控制是目的。本文系统梳理与分析了风险管理中的常用方法,包括风险识别中的现场勘查法、事故树分析法、过程回溯法、专家认证法和案例分析法等5种方法,风险评估中的风险坐标图法、关键风险指标法、蒙特卡罗法、因果关系法和综合评价法等5种方法,以及风险控制决策中的成本收益决策法、决策树法和损失期望值决策法等3种方法,并对每种方法如何在此次由新型冠状病毒引发的突发重大疫情中实践应用进行了举例说明,可为今后在应对突发重大疫情时进行科学风险识别、有效风险评估和精准风险控制决策提供借鉴与参考。     

基于HHM的军事演习风险识别

军事演习风险对军事演习的安全顺利进行有很大的影响。有效控制演习风险,首先需要全面、系统地识别出军事演习中存在的风险因素。本文在给出军事演习风险定义的基础上,运用等级全息模型(hierarchical holographic modeling,HHM)~([1])的思想和方法建立HHM风险识别模型,对军事演习中存在的风险进行分析和识别,有助于提升军事演习风险识别的准确性和全面性,为军事演习风险的评估和控制打下坚实的基础,对军事演习的安全进行和军事训练水平的提升具有重要意义。     

计及技术风险的复杂系统多分辨率风险评估方法

针对技术风险难以直接度量、模型参数设定主观性较强等问题,利用技术成熟度的规范化方法评估系统组成的技术实现条件和难度;通过矩阵化的系统描述及关联关系推理,建立各分系统技术成熟度与系统过程模型动态参数之间的量化关系;采用系统过程建模仿真的间接方法,计算进度或费用超出可承受范围的不确定性,用以评估复杂系统研制的技术风险。通过多分辨率建模方法提高系统分析粒度,使该方法具有随系统演化过程对技术风险评估保持更新和分析粒度提升的能力。     

Governing risks in international security

Risks are omnipresent in contemporary international security. Despite a long tradition in security studies going at least back to Von Clausewitz, we consider that the topic of risk remains under-examined. This forum seeks to advance the research agenda on risk in security studies by showcasing work of scholars using advanced concepts of risk, based on insights from sociology, biology, psychology, and safety studies, to better understand the role of risk in international security. As a way of introduction, this short article sets out the main debates.