A risk function for the stochastic modeling of electric capacity expansion

We present a stochastic optimization model for planning capacity expansion under capacity deterioration and demand uncertainty. The paper focuses on the electric sector, although the methodology can be used in other applications. The goals of the model are deciding which energy types must be installed, and when. Another goal is providing an initial generation plan for short periods of the planning horizon that might be adequately modified in real time assuming penalties in the operation cost. Uncertainty is modeled under the assumption that the demand is a random vector. The cost of the risk associated with decisions that may need some tuning in the future is included in the objective function. The proposed scheme to solve the nonlinear stochastic optimization model is Generalized Benders' decomposition. We also exploit the Benders' subproblem structure to solve it efficiently. Computational results for moderate‐size problems are presented along with comparison to a general‐purpose nonlinear optimization package. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:662–683, 2001     

城市环境下单无人机测向定位航迹优化算法

为解决单架无人机在城市环境中对辐射源目标的定位问题,提出了一种基于环境预测法的单无人机测向定位航迹优化算法。使用交互多模型-扩展卡尔曼滤波进行视距和非视距信号混合环境下的目标估计。结合估计的目标位置和城市地理信息模型,基于视线追踪法求解信号遮挡区域和多径信号干扰区域。在滚动时域控制算法框架下生成无人机预测轨迹,以最大化Fisher信息矩阵行列式为测向定位评价准则,考虑建筑物障碍以及其对信号的遮挡和反射效应对无人机测向定位航迹的影响,控制无人机选择最优航向飞行。仿真结果表明,该方法能够使无人机在存在障碍、信号遮挡和多径干扰的环境下实现对目标的高精度测向定位,为解决城市环境下的单架无人机测向定位问题提供了新思路。     

Capacitated selection problem

Optimizing the selection of resources to accomplish a set of tasks involves evaluating the tradeoffs between the cost of maintaining the resources necessary to accomplish the tasks and the penalty cost associated with unfinished tasks. We consider the case where resources are categorized into types, and limits (capacity) are imposed on the number of each type that can be selected. The objective is to minimize the sum of penalty costs and resource costs. This problem has several practical applications including production planning, new product design, menu selection and inventory management. We develop a branch‐and‐bound algorithm to find exact solutions to the problem. To generate bounds, we utilize a dual ascent procedure which exploits the special structure of the problem. Information from the dual and recovered primal solutions are used to select branching variables. We generate strong valid inequalities and use them to fix other variables at each branching step. Results of tests performed on reasonably sized problems are presented. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 19–37, 1999     

尾流自导鱼雷射击弹道优化模型

为实现尾流自导鱼雷整个弹道过程的优化,采用几何分析法。首先分析了尾流自导鱼雷射击弹道需满足的约束条件,然后建立了尾流自导鱼雷一次转角射击和二次转角射击两种射击模式下的射击诸元解算模型,最后建立了尾流自导鱼雷射击弹道优化解算模型,并给出了具体的解算流程图。该模型基于尾流自导鱼雷射击的数学原理,兼顾工程实现时的弹道约束,也充分考虑了其作战使用时的实现流程,能够为尾流自导鱼雷有关问题深入研究提供理论支撑。     

飞行器低空突防威胁建模与航迹优化算法

提出了一种飞行器在给定地形和威胁分布的威胁场进行低空突防的航迹优化算法。该方法首先对地形的高程栅格数据进行了图形简化预处理,将各种威胁叠加到地形图上,构成一个包含各种威胁的特定威胁场,再对其建立合理的有向图数学建模,用Dijkstra最短路算法进行航迹优化。航迹优化的过程中考虑了飞行器的过载限制,使优化航迹能够较好地满足飞行器各项性能指标及任务规划的要求,仿真结果显示,该算法简单快速,能很好地进行地形、威胁、障碍物的回避。     

Adaptive fault-tolerant control based on boundary estimation for space robot under joint actuator faults and uncertain parameters

Since the joint actuator of the space robot executes the control instructions frequently in the harsh space environment, it is prone to the partial loss of control effectiveness (PLCE) fault. An adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm is designed for a space robot system with the uncertain parameters and the PLCE actuator faults. The mathematical model of the system is established based on the Lagrange method, and the PLCE actuator fault is described as an effectiveness factor. The lower bound of the effectiveness factors and the upper bound of the uncertain parameters are estimated by an adaptive strategy, and the estimated value is fed back to the control algorithm. Compared with the traditional fault-tolerant algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not need to predetermine the lower bound of the effectiveness factor, hence it is more in line with the actual engineering application. It is proved that the algorithm can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system based on the Lyapunov function method. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only compensate for the uncertain parameters, but also can tolerate the PLCE actuator faults effectively, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the control scheme.     

尾流模拟火箭弹空中弹道对模拟尾流生成区域的影响

为了研究尾流模拟火箭弹的空中弹道特性对模拟尾流区域的影响,建立火箭弹质点外弹道模型、阻力板和发动机空间运动微分方程以及连接绳的受力模型,得到火箭弹无控飞行、空中转向、空中分离至爆索展开入水全过程的空间运动微分方程。对尾流模拟火箭弹全程弹道进行仿真分析,着重分析不同初始射击诸元对爆索空中弹道的影响,探究初始发射角、脉冲发动机的喷管数量、点火时间以及火箭弹空中分离时间对模拟尾流生成区域的影响。仿真结果表明：初始发射角为15°时火箭弹射程和最大射高相对比较合理;火箭弹空中转向角度依赖于脉冲发动机总冲量,与点火时刻无关;空中分离时刻对爆索入水发泡区域影响不太明显,在满足转向要求和发泡区域要求的情况下应该尽早完成空中转向和分离。     

跳跃-滑翔弹道扰动引力自适应网格快速赋值方法

为实现高超声速跳跃-滑翔弹道扰动引力的快速赋值,提出自适应网格赋值模型,并根据反距离加权理论,优化广义延拓逼近算法,对模型的逼近误差进行分析。该赋值模型的网格划分为两级,第一级网格根据标准弹道空域进行划分,第二级网格根据滑翔导弹实际弹道在线生成。根据一级网格节点数据,通过优化广义延拓逼近算法计算二级网格节点数据,最后根据二级单元内插计算实际弹道点的扰动引力值。仿真结果表明:在同等大小的网格划分下,优化广义延拓自适应网格模型的逼近精度高于一般赋值方法;在同等精度要求下,该赋值模型的最大单元格边长大于一般赋值方法,从而减少了单元格划分数量,进而降低弹上数据存储量;针对不同滑翔方向以及不同滑翔距离的跳跃-滑翔弹道,该模型逼近误差对应的落点偏差小于5 m,具有较好的适应性。该赋值模型在满足计算速度的前提下,提高了传统赋值方法的逼近精度,降低了弹上存储量,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

非奇异快速终端滑模及动态面控制的轨迹跟踪制导律

针对飞行器跟踪预设轨迹的问题,提出非奇异快速终端滑模和角度约束的轨迹跟踪制导律。通过引入虚拟目标点,提出参考轨迹曲率半径的期望视线角约束条件,建立带有视线角约束并考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的轨迹跟踪数学模型。为了保证在有限时间内跟踪预设轨迹并避免出现奇异问题,采用快速非奇异终端滑模和动态面控制方法进行制导律设计。推导出视线角误差和轨迹跟踪误差之间的数学关系,并利用Lyapunov稳定性准则证明轨迹跟踪误差最终有界任意小。与弹道成型轨迹跟踪制导律进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明所提出的制导律具有良好的跟踪性能及鲁棒性。     

慢刀伺服加工环曲面的刀具路径规划方法

如何规划刀具路径、进而获得高质量的数控加工代码,是应用慢刀伺服技术加工环曲面的关键技术之一。提出了基于等距面规划刀位点轨迹的刀具路径规划方法,推导了外凸环曲面的面形方程及其等距面方程,对比分析了两种导动曲线及两种数据点离散方法,优选了刀具路径规划方案,应用VB.net语言编写了慢刀伺服加工环曲面用数控代码生成软件,在Vericut平台上对数控代码进行了仿真验证,直观地展示了虚拟加工面相对理论曲面的残留区域,仿真结果验证了方法的可行性。结果表明:将外凸环曲面方程中的非一次常数项a变为a+r_d,即得到外凸环曲面的等距面方程;所提刀具路径规划方法适用于慢刀伺服加工外凸环曲面;该方法对应用慢刀伺服技术加工其他面型的光学镜面具有借鉴价值。