充气式防热罩再入轨道设计

充气式防热罩是最近几年才出现的新型航天回收技术 ,为各种轨道航天器的回收提供了简单、可靠、经济的途径 ,有望逐渐取代降落伞在回收系统中的地位。合理选择防热罩外形 ,用CFD方法计算了防热罩以亚、跨、超声速飞行时的阻力特性 ,并与工程估算方法作对比。分别采用单次和二次充气方案 ,完成了 90kg货舱安全着陆的再入轨道设计。在对两种充气减速方案的再入轨道进行比较分析之后指出 :对于回收同样重量的货舱 ,二次充气方案在保证减速效果的前提下大幅度减轻了防热系统设计的负担 ,是理想的ITS再入减速方案     

风场中平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪的滑模控制方法

为实现平流层飞艇驻空阶段可控飞行,研究环境风场中横侧向轨迹跟踪的滑模控制方法。建立平流层飞艇驻空阶段动力学模型,将动力学方程解耦为纵向运动方程和横侧向运动方程,采用小扰动方法对动力学方程进行线性化;利用滑模控制对外部干扰强鲁棒的特性,设计横侧向轨迹跟踪的滑模控制器;以直线与圆组成的复合轨迹跟踪控制为例,对提出的轨迹控制方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提基于滑模的轨迹跟踪控制方法鲁棒性好,在一定范围的风场扰动条件下,可以实现对指令轨迹的有效跟踪控制,响应特性好。     

Spaghetti: systems thinking and the US Army

In the mid-2000s, the United States Army was embroiled in counterinsurgency missions in Iraq and Afghanistan that required deeper understanding of local social systems. The Army turned to systems thinking and design thinking to model and understand the world, define problems, and develop approaches to strategic and operational challenges. However, the Army’s approach as expressed in publications and doctrine encourages the development of complicated, unsupported, and unfalsifiable hypotheses. The risk is that the Army will act on incorrect assumptions and develop plans that are fragile.     

Implementing defence policy: a benchmark-“lite”

Most countries put significant amounts of time and effort in writing and issuing high-level policy documents. These are supposed to guide subsequent national defence efforts. But do they? And how do countries even try to ensure that they do? This paper reports on a benchmarking effort of how a few “best of breed” small- to medium-sized defence organisations (Australia, Canada, and New Zealand) deal with these issues. We find that most countries fail to link goals to resources and pay limited attention to specific and rigorous ex-ante or post-hoc evaluation, even when compared to their own national government-wide provisions. We do, however, observe a (modest) trend towards putting more specific goals and metrics in these documents that can be – and in a few rare cases were – tracked. The paper identifies 42 concrete policy “nuggets” – both “do’s and don’ts” – that should be of interest to most defence policy planning/analysis communities. It ends with two recommendations that are in line with recent broader (non-defence) scholarship on the policy formulation-policy implementation gap: to put more rigorous emphasis on implementation (especially on achieving desired policy effects), but to do so increasingly in more experiential (“design”) ways, rather than in industrial-age bureaucratic ones (“PPBS”-systems).     

地月转移轨道的天基测向初轨确定研究

研究了利用天基测向数据对地月转移轨道的初轨确定。天基平台分别考虑采用单颗卫星和星座卫星,研究了观测数据的噪声平滑,分析了观测弧段长度和观测几何对两种平台的定轨精度的影响,基于数值分析结果,研究了初定轨中系统差的消除。研究结果表明,星座双星同步定轨比较适用于地月转移轨道的天基测向初定轨。     

Multi‐item capacitated lot‐sizing problems with setup times and pricing decisions

We study a multi‐item capacitated lot‐sizing problem with setup times and pricing (CLSTP) over a finite and discrete planning horizon. In this class of problems, the demand for each independent item in each time period is affected by pricing decisions. The corresponding demands are then satisfied through production in a single capacitated facility or from inventory, and the goal is to set prices and determine a production plan that maximizes total profit. In contrast with many traditional lot‐sizing problems with fixed demands, we cannot, without loss of generality, restrict ourselves to instances without initial inventories, which greatly complicates the analysis of the CLSTP. We develop two alternative Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition formulations of the problem, and propose to solve their relaxations using column generation and the overall problem using branch‐and‐price. The associated pricing problem is studied under both dynamic and static pricing strategies. Through a computational study, we analyze both the efficacy of our algorithms and the benefits of allowing item prices to vary over time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

地铁火灾应急预案的制定

介绍地铁火灾发生时的几个主要的特点以及其巨大的危害性,引出了地铁火灾应急预案制定模式的重要性。通过对已有的资料进行研究、分析,同时结合实际,对地铁火灾应急预案制定时所包含的主要内容进行了科学的完善,得出了一个完整的预案制定模式。     

多智能体信息一致性在机器人编队控制中的应用

对固定拓扑结构下多智能体有向网络一致性问题进行了研究,提出了一类协调控制器并证明了使多智能体网络在固定拓扑结构下取得全局渐进一致的充要条件,考虑到智能体之间通讯过程中存在的时延问题,给出了最大固定延时时间的紧凑上界,取得了满意效果,最后将信息一致性思想应用于多机器人的编队控制。结果表明,基于信息一致性的方法可成功应用于机器人编队控制。     

基于Matlab的影响子母弹抛撒精度的因素研究

本文通过对子弹运动方程及子母弹毁伤模型的研究,分析了影响子母弹抛撒精度的因素.基于实验数据,利用Matlab对不同影响因素下的抛撒精度进行了仿真与分析.结果表明:抛撒高度和抛撒药量是对抛撒精度影响较大的因素.     

Production planning with resources subject to congestion

A fundamental difficulty in developing effective production planning models has been accurately reflecting the nonlinear dependency between workload and lead times. We develop a mathematical programming model for production planning in multiproduct, single stage systems that captures the nonlinear dependency between workload and lead times. We then use outer linearization of this nonlinear model to obtain a linear programming formulation and extend it to multistage systems. Extensive computational experiments validate the approach and compare its results to conventional models that assume workload‐independent planning lead times. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009