应用全站仪综合测量火炮偏离角及俯仰半径

提出一种应用全站仪进行火炮偏离角和俯仰半径的综合测量方法。应用最小二乘原理拟合出火炮俯仰半径,然后解算出火炮偏离角,并用Monte Carlo方法分析了测量结果的精度。结果表明:全站仪高低角和火炮仰角的测量精度均对火炮偏离角和俯仰半径的测量结果无明显影响;全站仪测距精度对火炮俯仰半径测量结果的影响较大;全站仪水平角测量精度对火炮偏离角测量结果的影响明显。该方法在现场操作时需要重点关注全站仪水平观测角和测距的检测精度。     

基于MIMO技术的山体滑坡雷达

现有山体滑坡雷达是轨道式的,这样就需要精确控制雷达的运动来获得高方位向分辨率,因此,硬件设备要求极高。利用多输入多输出(MIMO)技术通过分时发射和接收信号来获取高方位向分辨率,可以免去雷达运动,从而简化了雷达设备和降低雷达成本。此外,结合步进频连续波技术可以使山体滑坡雷达保持高距离向分辨率的同时进一步降低对硬件的要求,更易于工程实现,成本更低。通过MATLAB仿真初步验证了该方案的可行性。     

基于协方差矩阵估计的稳健Capon波束形成算法

常规Capon波束形成器性能对模型误差或失配非常敏感,尤其是当期望信号包含在训练数据中,导向矢量失配将引起性能急剧下降。为解决这一问题,提出了一种采用干扰噪声协方差矩阵和导向矢量联合估计的稳健波束形成算法。该方法通过对Capon空间谱在非目标信号的方位区域内的积分,实现对干扰噪声协方差矩阵的估计,解决数据协方差矩阵包含有目标信号时引起信号自相消问题;其次为了克服导向矢量失配的影响,通过最大化输出功率,并增加二次型约束防止估计的导向矢量接近于干扰导向矢量,实现对导向矢量的估计。仿真实验表明:该算法能获得近似最优的输出信干噪比,与现有算法相比稳健性更强。     

基于多目标优化的任务计划建模及方法

针对任务计划在进行多目标优化时采用进化算法求解效率较低的问题,设计了一种结合分组策略的非支配排序遗传(NSGA-Ⅱ)算法,可以快速有效地得到合理的分组结果。基于分组结果,调整NSGA-Ⅱ算法的步骤,灵活地进行种群初始化,使最终分配结果各优化的目标有了明显的改善,提高了算法的效率。通过实验分析,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于Vague理论和模糊综合评判的火箭炮效能评估

针对基地逐项试验考核评估武器系统的现状,从效能的角度整体上评估武器系统性能。针对用一个数值量化定性指标的不足,引入Vague理论的相似度量概念,使定性指标存在踌躇度,更真实地模拟人的思维决策过程。基于Vague理论和模糊综合评判理论,建立了火箭炮的效能评估模型,并用建立的模型对某火箭炮进行了计算,计算结果符合预期。     

机载脉冲多普勒雷达的自适应旁瓣对消实现方法

简要介绍了自适应旁瓣对消的基本原理。重点研究了自适应旁瓣对消在机载脉冲多普勒雷达中的工程实现方法,该方法打破了自适应旁瓣对消目前只能应用于采用低重脉冲重复周期的脉冲多普勒雷达的限制。通过对自适应旁瓣对消结果的分析,表明该方法完全能够满足现有机载脉冲多普勒雷达抗有源旁瓣干扰的需求。     

指挥与控制装备技术发展趋势

研究分析了指挥与控制装备技术的发展趋势,并对具有重要影响指控发展的前沿技术作出了分析,最后对大数据技术作了概述,指出了在指挥控制装备中应用的可能性。     

Unmasking silence and impunity: the Zimbabwe Peace Project’s e-activism in a polarised political dispensation

This study is an exploration of the use of technology-mediated interventions by the Zimbabwe Peace Project (ZPP) in checkmating the country’s insidious culture of political violence and impunity. It disentangles the ZPP’s strategies and the composite reactions they triggered from state functionaries and the aligned security apparatus. The ZPP exploited and deployed an Internet-circulated monthly newsletter, bulk short message service (SMS) alerts, smartphones, radio and Facebook to shine a spotlight on injustice. It is argued that the ZPP’s whistle-blowing strategies used against human rights violators were not necessarily intended to secure immediate perpetrator conviction; rather, they were a partial but exigent attempt at using perpetrator exposure to reveal extralegal activities and checkmate the country’s culture of impunity. The ZPP’s cybernetic naming and shaming strategies embarrassed some offenders, as evidenced by the intelligence operatives and the police’s constant harassment and arrests of ZPP-affiliated activists. The state-controlled media compounded this pressure by casting aspersions on the ZPP’s bona fides, labelling it a foreign-funded organisation that was attempting to destabilise the country. Finally, this study is informed by a broad evidentiary base that includes ZPP reports on its e-archive, oral interviews, policy documents and newspaper accounts.     

基于模糊综合评价的海基测控系统综合效能评估

为有效评估海基测控系统的综合效能,首先分析了系统的测控性能特点,采用工作分解结构建立层次结构的评估指标体系,然后引入层次分析法确定指标权重并基于模糊综合评价法构建多级评估模型,最后结合测控任务实例分析并计算出综合效能值。仿真结果表明,该方法具有一定的有效性和实用性,可为海基测控设备的系统效能评估提供科学方法和合理的参考依据。     

Expansion planning for waste‐to‐energy systems using waste forecast prediction sets

We consider an expansion planning problem for Waste‐to‐Energy (WtE) systems facing uncertainty in future waste supplies. The WtE expansion plans are regarded as strategic, long term decisions, while the waste distribution and treatment are medium to short term operational decisions which can adapt to the actual waste collected. We propose a prediction set uncertainty model which integrates a set of waste generation forecasts and is constructed based on user‐specified levels of forecasting errors. Next, we use the prediction sets for WtE expansion scenario analysis. More specifically, for a given WtE expansion plan, the guaranteed net present value (NPV) is evaluated by computing an extreme value forecast trajectory of future waste generation from the prediction set that minimizes the maximum NPV of the WtE project. This problem is essentially a multiple stage min‐max dynamic optimization problem. By exploiting the structure of the WtE problem, we show this is equivalent to a simpler min‐max optimization problem, which can be further transformed into a single mixed‐integer linear program. Furthermore, we extend the model to optimize the guaranteed NPV by searching over the set of all feasible expansion scenarios, and show that this can be solved by an exact cutting plane approach. We also propose a heuristic based on a constant proportion distribution rule for the WtE expansion optimization model, which reduces the problem into a moderate size mixed‐integer program. Finally, our computational studies demonstrate that our proposed expansion model solutions are very stable and competitive in performance compared to scenario tree approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 47–70, 2016