基于排队论的装备维修人员数量需求模型*

确定维修人员需求是对装备维修机构进行科学管理和对维修人员进行有计划培训的需要。在分析装备维修人员构成的随机服务系统特征的基础上,运用排队论理论建立了以平均等待时间为目标的维修人员需求的愿望模型,该模型可更加确切地描述各专业对维修人员的实际需求。通过对模型进行仿真,结果表明了模型的合理性。     

试论价层轨道的杂化——兼论杂化轨道理论与价层电子对互斥理论的统一

在分子结构理论中,杂化轨道理论在多原子分子的空间构型被实验确定后,能够根据一定的假设给出合理的解释;价层电子对互斥理论主要用于预测分子或离子的空间构型,但其假设有些生硬、推理不够严密,对VP与电子对空间构型之间关系的推导比较繁琐,不易理解,也不能很好地解释一些多原子分子(如PF5、IF7等分子)中存在键长不等的现象。两种理论在各自的领域都取得了很大的成功,也各有其不足之处,一直未能统一。价层轨道杂化理论正是在综合了这两种理论的优点之后得到的。该理论在假设较少———即假设中心原子的价层轨道在成键时都要发生杂化,该假设与实验事实完全相符———的前提下,利用立体几何学原理对多原子分子的空间构型进行了非常简洁的推导,其结果不仅可全部继承前两种理论的成功之处,而且还能解释多原子分子中出现的键长不同、存在异构体等现象,这是其独到之处,也是其创新之处。     

Why they fight? Reconsidering the role of motivation in combat environments

The current combat motivation model based on primary group thesis assumes that the main force behind motivation is peer-bonding or otherwise known as unit cohesion. Cohesion is perceived as an all-encompassing factor that leads to satisfactory (or unsatisfactory in lack thereof) military effectiveness and performance in conflict environments. However, the article identifies three main problems with this perspective: 1. mono-dimensional view of motivation; 2. motivation based on heteronomy, and 3. self-reporting bias. The current model does not consider motivation as a separate entity from cohesion; it does not place motivation as fundamental human value; lastly, it takes motivation as granted by-product of socialization. The article proposes a new combat motivation model based on The Self-Determination Theory. The theory maintains that human motivation requires satisfaction of three psychological needs of competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The degree of satisfaction of those three needs leads to different types of regulated motivations – a continuum from intrinsic to extrinsic – each of which has specifiable consequences for learning, performance, and well-being of an individual.     

Fighting a Just War in the Midst of an Unreasonable International Strife: World War I and the Collapse of the Central European System of the Triple Imperial Dominion

ABSTRACT

This article constitutes an attempt to demonstrate the complexity of factors affecting the legitimate acquisition and reasonable exercise by a political community of the right to war as specified in the just war criteria of jus ad bellum. To achieve this purpose, a brief analysis is presented of the intentional participation in World War I of thousands of Polish volunteers forming military units deployed by the Central Powers on the Austrian-Russian front. Considered in light of the standard principles of just war, the military enterprise of the Polish Legions, as they were called, turns out to be a paradoxical instance of warfare which, while being part of a state-to-state aggression, must be deemed compliant with all the principles in question. As a means of explaining this paradox, a modification of the concept of justified intervention is proposed, embracing military efforts aimed at the ultimate defeat of all the (unjustly) warring parties operating within a given territory. In consonance with the classic just war approach, it is also argued that the justification for such an intervention is essentially dependent on its being initiated by, or attributable to, an unquestionable state agent acting in defence of the state’s basic prerogatives.     

Rethinking strategic culture: A computational (social science) discursive-institutionalist approach

ABSTRACT

The strategic culture approach has been suffering from a prolonged theoretical stalemate, despite a surge in case studies, which culminated in the Johnston-Gray debate and subsequent schism. The present paper outlines a new approach designed to overcome this deadlock, and consists of three arguments. First, the three previous generations of strategic culture studies have failed to explain how strategic culture influences behaviour. Second, aligning strategic culture theory-building with discursive institutionalism offers a way to overcome this fundamental fallacy. Third, a research programme for strategic culture should draw on computational social science to enable it to present and test middle-range theories.