超燃冲压发动机二维进气道多级多目标优化设计方法

提出了超燃冲压发动机二维进气道的多级多目标设计方法。选择总压恢复系数、压升比和阻力系数为性能目标,引入多级设计概念,分别基于一维气动力学分析方法和计算流体力学方法,采用混合遗传算法对4楔角外压和2楔角内压混合压缩进气道进行了多级多目标优化设计,得到了问题的Pareto非劣解集。采用上述方法可以提升超燃冲压发动机进气道的设计水平,得到高性能的设计方案。     

新型棒料高速动态跟随切割装置设计与优化

针对目前棒料高速动态切割装置支撑半径无法调整,切割精度以及刃磨刀片刃口形状无法控制的缺陷,根据切割装置切割原理,建立了切割模式、刀片数量等切割参数与支撑半径、切割误差的数学模型,并运用曲柄滑块机构设计了新型可调式支撑装置;基于空间齐次坐标变换方法构建了切割刀片刃口形状与切割直径、砂轮安装角度等刃磨参数之间的曲线方程,设计了新型可调式刃磨装置。以刀盘转速、切割误差等作为优化目标,采用MATLAB优化工具箱,对现有双刀双切烟支切割装置的切割和刃磨特性参数进行了非线性多目标优化。根据优化结果,提出了一种新型高速动态跟随切割装置设计方案,该方案采用四刀双切的切割模式。与原装置相比,新装置在切割效率不变的情况下具有更好的切割质量。最后通过仿真验证了该装置的可行性。     

固体发动机星形药柱的形状优化分析

为了极大地提高发动机的结构完整性能,利用MSC.Nastran软件的结构优化功能,对星形药柱发动机进行了形状优化分析.探讨了发动机形状优化中位移模式和辅助模型的建立方法,根据发动机的结构和受力特点,建立了星形药柱的平面应变模型,对星形药柱的控制参数进行了灵敏度分析,并在此基础上对星形药柱进行了形状优化.优化结果表明:增大星边夹角和顶弧倒角可有效地缓解应力应变的集中程度.     

干扰及机动条件下的比例导引智能调控策略

由于红外诱饵干扰样式复杂、目标机动形式多变导致传统比例导引律极易被干扰。为提高采用比例导引方法的导弹性能,提出一种利用径向基函数网络调控比例系数及导弹发射时机的智能导引律。以飞行时间及脱靶量为参考,通过构建加权型指标函数将求解最优比例系数及发射时机问题转化为单目标优化问题;引入量子粒子群算法求解最优决策参量,并以其作为网络输出,干扰样式作为网络输入,离线训练径向基函数网络;为提高训练效率,结合K-means及K最近邻算法初始化径向基函数网络。仿真结果表明,当存在红外诱饵干扰时,智能导引律性能优于扩展比例导引律及自适应滑模导引律。     

Socioeconomic impact of conflict: state of emergency ruling in Turkey

Uprising tensions during 2010 in eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey provoked arguments about the necessity for a State of Emergency (SOE; ‘Ola?anüstü Hal’ in Turkish) declaration in those regions, with a belief of enduring political sustainability. The discussion is inflamed by a speech of the Nationalist Movement Party’s leader about the suggestion to announce a SOE ruling after the death of 24 Turkish soldiers in Hakkari (a city in the southeast of Turkey) in an attack of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) on the 19 October 2011. Although a new announcement of SOE did not take place, the discussion itself induced the idea behind this paper which is to provide a quantitative analysis of the SOE in Turkey. In fact, the SOE ruling is not a new concept for Turkey and it has been implemented in 13 cities in the eastern and southeastern regions from 1987 to 2002. Although there have been many discussions about the costs of these 15 years of the SOE ruling in terms of military expenditure and, thus, on the national budget, there is a lack of quantitative analytical examination of the economic and social costs of it. Difference-in-differences analysis reveals negative spillover impacts of the SOE, especially on the forced migration, unemployment, and educational investments. The results also show that SOE ruling is an important factor for the underdevelopment of the eastern and southeastern regions in Turkey and, thus, a new SOE will bring enormous inequalities, both economically and socially, and an intensification of the ethnic tensions in Turkey.     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

A stochastic gradual cover location problem

Covering models assume that a point is covered if it is within a certain distance from a facility and not covered beyond that distance. In gradual cover models it is assumed that a point is fully covered within a given distance from a facility, then cover gradually declines, and the point is not covered beyond a larger distance. Gradual cover models address the discontinuity in cover which may not be the correct approach in many situations. In the stochastic gradual cover model presented in this article it is assumed that the short and long distances employed in gradual cover models are random variables. This refinement of gradual cover models provides yet a more realistic depiction of actual behavior in many situations. The maximal cover model based on the new concept is analyzed and the single facility location cover problem in the plane is solved. Computational results illustrating the effectiveness of the solution procedures are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

串联系统预防维修周期优化策略研究(英文)

针对串联系统建立了基于可靠性约束的预防性维修优化模型,该模型充分考虑到预防维修可以提高系统可靠性的同时,其故障率会随着维修次数的增加而上升,引入役龄回退因子对预防维修活动前后系统性能的动态变化进行了描述.通过实例验证了该优化模型的正确性与可用性,对模型作进一步的扩展,还可用于更一般复杂的串并联系统.     

炮兵作战决策方案优选的方法

炮兵作战方案的选择,是炮兵作战指挥决策的关键环节,其合理与否,直接关系到炮兵作战效能的发挥和作战的成败.根据炮兵作战的实际,阐述了炮兵作战方案优选的依据,给出了运用层次分析法确定影响作战方案选择的各因素权重的方法步骤,在对优选依据的建模要素进行分析的基础上,构建了每个要素的效用函数计算模型,并给出了评估方案的计算方法,提供了模型应用的一般步骤.     

攻击机靶场效能优化:概念、方法与基本问题

系统阐述了攻击机靶场攻击、靶场效能以及靶场效能优化等基本概念,在此基础上,分析了攻击机靶场效能优化的基本任务和基本问题,并给出了形式化描述。