禅宗思想对诗教审美文化的突破与超越

我国古代禅宗思想巧妙地实现了中国本土的儒道思想和西土印度的佛教思想的完美结合,同时也对我国古代语文教育产生了极大的影响。禅宗是真正中国化的佛教,它在审美主体意识、审美心理历程、审美修养途径、审美境界等方面突破与超越了我国古代的诗教审美文化,为我国当前的语文教育提供了有益的思考和启示。     

谈对民俗的认识

在历史的积淀中,各族人民创造了丰富多彩的民俗文化,这种独特的文化又对人们产生了深远的影响。笔者在学习了民俗学理论的基础上,对民俗有了一些粗浅的认识,即民俗是历史积淀的产物,它具有浓郁的地域特色。体现出民族和信仰的多样性,是通过文化进行记录和传承并不断变化和发展的一种社会现象。     

‘Innovate or die’: Organizational culture and the origins of maneuver warfare in the United States Marine Corps

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, this article contributes to the understanding of the origins of maneuver warfare as the capstone doctrine of the Marine Corps. It does so by identifying a second source that fostered change in the Marine Corps – one in addition to disquiet about the conduct of the war in Vietnam – which stemmed from the challenges posed by the United States' post-Vietnam strategic and military reorientation. And second, this article examines the influence of organizational culture, or identity, on innovation in the Marine Corps. A critical strand in the growing literature on military innovation focuses on organizational culture and how it influences the behavior and responses of particular military organizations. This article contributes to this literature by analyzing the influence of the organizational culture of the Marine Corps in shaping what was deemed an appropriate response to the challenges it confronted in the 1970s.     

THE AU MISSION IN BURUNDI

Abstract

Even though the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, MPLA) managed to take firm control of the state as the war ended in 2002, this article contends that its hegemony is not absolute. At the fringes of the state administration, emerging regional elites have established associations that seek to provide a remedy against the centralised system, which essentially deprives regions of political influence and sufficient economic resources. As in many other countries on the African continent, political identities that were legally enforced and institutionally reproduced in colonial times have hardly been transcended in the post-colonial period. Even if the associations' influence today does not yet reach further than bringing some insecurity to an otherwise secure polity dominated by the MPLA, the associations could play a role in reinforcing strong regional solidarity and give political expression to feelings of exclusion. Such sentiments could in turn lead to an increase of exclusivity ideas about citizenship, or even xenophobic violence. Much will depend on the strategies of the MPLA, and to what extent it will accommodate these emergent forces in the post-war era, not the least through the current sub-national state reforms.     

Ministries of peacebuilding in sub-Saharan Africa: rationale,functions and establishment

Abstract

This paper begins by explaining the concept of a culture of peace and contrasts it with a culture of violence. It argues that traditional ways of trying to achieve peace – based on force or threat of force – are costly, ineffective and of doubtful morality. At the same time, nonviolent means have achieved some formidable successes. The paper proposes the establishment of national ministries of peacebuilding to coordinate and implement the building cultures of peace in sub-Saharan Africa. The broad tasks and specific functions of such ministries are explained and some likely objections are answered. The paper concludes with a discussion of the necessary conditions for such ministries to be established and to be effective in building cultures of peace.     

延安时期农村文化建设的基本经验

延安时期,中国共产党在农村文化建设方面创造了辉煌业绩,积累了大量宝贵经验,主要体现在：中国共产党的高度文化自觉和有力领导;突出农民的文化建设主体地位,引导农民自我表现、自我教育、自我服务;坚持“三贴近”原则,紧贴农村实际、农民生活和农民群众办文化,等等。回顾并总结延安时期农村文化建设的基本经验,无疑具有重要的现实指导意义。     

武警部队“忠诚卫士文化”建设历程探析

以《武警年鉴》原始资料为基础,从三个阶段简述武警部队“忠诚卫士文化”建设的历程：以武警部队重新组建为标志,忠诚卫士文化建设进入自发发展时期;以“中国武警十大忠诚卫士”评选为标志,忠诚卫士文化建设进入迅速发展时期;以《武警部队先进军事文化建设纲要》颁发为标志,忠诚卫士文化建设进入有意识地打造品牌的时期。     

Witchcraft and African development

Impressive investment and growth figures and commercial write-ups enthusing about ‘Africa rising up’, ‘the continent of the future’, and so on, obscure the poverty, illiteracy, poor health and other hardships afflicting the vast majority of African people. Why has massive so-called development and technical ‘aid’ not created the expected dynamic, autonomous economic progress? A blind eye is delicately being turned to the decisive role of people – more specifically, the cultural element. Notwithstanding good intentions, outsiders seeking to promote development assume that black Africans think and act like they only need more education, training and finance in order to ‘catch up’. Outsiders easily forget that since time immemorial, Africans have developed and cherished worldviews and cultures of their own. While these are by no means immutable and do adapt to changing needs and outside influences, Africans refuse to cast off overnight the heritage that makes them the people they are. This paper examines the impact of witchcraft as an integral feature of traditional culture on African existence, notably community life, religion, politics, the law, and economic practice. It stresses the significance of traditional society's powerful egalitarian impulses as well as its profound conviction that all things – goods, wealth, well-being and life force – are in a strictly limited supply that cannot be increased, but can only be redistributed by force or through magical manipulation. While modern life gradually weakens the influence of witchcraft beliefs – in Europe these flourished well into the 18th century – the exasperation associated with Africa's headlong urbanisation actually bolsters these beliefs.     

从小说《沙家浜》谈文学创作的底线

文学的严肃性和艺术性决定了不能认为“戏说”之作是文学手法的创新 ,文学创作应遵循一定的“度” :宣扬人性之美 ,尊重历史传统 ,坚守文化立场。     

论校园文化建设的思想与实践——基于华山中学校园文化建设活动的系列思考之三

以马克思主义文化观为指导,在对校园文化建设进行科学规划和实施的过程中,必须首先确立校园文化建设的主题。校园文化建设的主题要反映学校自身的发展需要,也要表现学校自身的精神追求,还要呈现学校自身的文化特点。华山中学的校园文化建设紧紧围绕这三个方面进行构思,提出了"胡杨文化"和"胡杨精神"的概念,将其作为校园文化建设的主题目标,据此展开了一系列的文化设计和表达,并对"兵团精神"做出了独特诠释,使校园文化建设落到了实处,特色鲜明,效果显著。