The future of the defence firm in small and medium countries

The Western European defence industry used to be characterized by numerous constraints, especially in the small countries, subject to uneconomic defence production policies. It faces, since the end of the Cold War, a succession of new challenges such as budget restrictions, armament reductions and geopolitical upheavals. The EU is pushing in the direction of a cohesive foreign policy, including security and defence. Today, the emergence of a more consolidated European defence industry and the presence of oligopolistic European companies imply the definition of new roles for the EU and for its European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). The solution is not protectionism, but more co‐operation to ensure effective defence production at a socially acceptable cost. In the framework of this co‐operation, defence companies in small and medium countries have a role to play as part of the supply chain to major weapon system integrators.     

BUTTER,GUNS AND ICE‐CREAM THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA

This paper is intended to complement the existing literature on civil wars. First, it presents a simple theoretical model of conflict that defines a two‐sector economy. In a contested sector, two agents struggle to appropriate the maximum possible fraction of a contestable output. In an uncontested sector, they hold secure property rights over the production of some goods. Agents split their resource endowment between ‘butter’, ‘guns’ and ‘ice‐cream’. Following the theoretical insights the empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between civil wars and different sectors of the economy. In particular, a panel probit specification shows that the incidence of a civil war decreases in the size of manufacturing sector.     

Country survey XII: South Africa

This article examines the relationship between defence expenditure and economic performance in South Africa, both prior to and after that country's first fully democratic election in 1994. Prior to 1994 defence expenditure decisions were largely dominated by non‐economic factors; since then defence spending has declined in reaction to, inter alia, the need to address a number of socio‐economic inequities.

After 1975 in particular, military industrialisation in South Africa placed a disproportionately high burden on the country's industrial resources and natural economic and technical capabilities. However, although this suggests that the opportunity cost of domestic arms production has been fairly high, the country's poor economic and development performance since the mid‐1970s is a function of underlying structural deficiencies and institutional constraints rather than the consequence of inordinately high defence spending levels.     

The causal nexus between military spending and unemployment in the G7: a bootstrap panel causality test

We revisit the causal relationship between military spending and unemployment in the G7 countries applying a bootstrap panel causality analysis that accounts for both cross-sectional dependence and for heterogeneity across countries. Using per capita real GDP as a controlled variable, we found a unidirectional causality running from military spending to unemployment for Canada, Japan, and the US, one-way causality running from unemployment to military spending for France and Germany, and bidirectional causality for Italy and the UK. The empirical evidence does not seem to provide consistent results regarding the causal relationship between military spending and unemployment in G7 countries.     

吊放声纳主动工作模式探测域建模与仿真

水声环境对于吊放声纳搜潜效果影响很大,以往的水声环境对吊声探测影响建模尚未涉及吊声立体探测域,不能为吊声搜潜战术研究提供有效支撑。在对声传播损失、海洋环境噪声和混响进行深入分析和建模的基础上,根据吊声探测机理建立了主动探测概率模型,仿真分析了吊声主动探测概率的三维空间分布,并提出了吊声搜潜战术应以三维非连续探测域为基础,结合战法实验等新手段进行不确定性研究的建议。     

装甲车辆运动姿态实时仿真系统设计与实现

系统基于计算机仿真技术构建装甲车辆运动时的虚拟战场环境,利用自动控制技术和虚拟现实技术实现对装甲车辆运动姿态的实时仿真,采用同步建模和实时动态仿真技术实现机电系统与视景的同步仿真,从而保证了平台振动位置与由视景运动产生的位置变化一致.通过软、硬件互补的优化设计,提高了系统的抗干扰能力,实现了高仿真度、高质量的仿真通用平台的研制.该系统模型结构完整,参数选取精细,量化科学,三维图形实时性好,模拟程度逼真,工作可靠,维护方便,通用性强.     

CORBA构件模型在指控系统中的应用

针对现有指控系统由于功能模块化设计导致模块间耦合性强、复用性差,系统开发效率低以及升级困难等问题,分析了应用CORBA构件模型(CCM)开发指控系统软件的可行性,建立了CCM构件与分布式中间件集成模板框架,并以WorkBench开发环境为例,给出了应用CCM进行指控系统构件开发、打包、部署等具体实现过程.实际应用表明:CCM在指控系统的有效应用,能够实现系统基于可重用构件设计的开发,不仅提高了系统灵活性、重用性和可配置性,而且简化了系统开发流程,缩短了开发周期,降低了开发成本.     

果蝇算法和5种群智能算法的寻优性能研究

截止到目前为止进化式算法主要有遗传算法、蚁群算法、鱼群算法、免疫算法、粒子群算法.这些算法已经被广泛地用于寻优,但都有各自的缺点,导致其不易被用于解决实际问题.某学者提出了一种新群智能算法——果蝇算法.对该算法的起源进行分析,并将该算法与其他算法对比,通过仿真分析各个算法寻优性能.重点分析果蝇算法的寻优性能,得出果蝇算法简单、参数少、易调节、计算量小、寻优精度较高,从而较容易被用于解决实际问题,对于复杂问题算法可能不稳定.指出该算法的缺点,提出应改进的地方,对其应用前景作了概括.     

基于社会主义核心价值体系建设的文化哲学思考

每一种文化都有其独特的价值体系,文化的各个层面都受到价值体系的内在制约,价值体系在文化中处于核心地位.当前我们以社会主义核心价值体系引领思想文化建设,体现了我们党在全面推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业进程中高度的文化自觉.社会主义核心价值体系建设增强了民族认同,提升了文化软实力,凸显了文化传承与创新,促进了文化整合.     

延安时期农村文化建设的基本经验

延安时期,中国共产党在农村文化建设方面创造了辉煌业绩,积累了大量宝贵经验,主要体现在：中国共产党的高度文化自觉和有力领导;突出农民的文化建设主体地位,引导农民自我表现、自我教育、自我服务;坚持“三贴近”原则,紧贴农村实际、农民生活和农民群众办文化,等等。回顾并总结延安时期农村文化建设的基本经验,无疑具有重要的现实指导意义。