扭曲尾翼飞行器气动特性数值研究*

为研究扭曲尾翼对飞行器气动特性的影响,引入扭曲率与平均攻角来表示尾翼的几何特征,通过求解旋转坐标系下的定常状态N-S方程,对十字型布局扭曲尾翼飞行器气动特性进行了数值仿真。结果表明：扭曲尾翼可以增加飞行器的滚转力矩和平衡转速,其平衡转速与扭曲率呈正比关系;随着扭曲率的增大,扭曲尾翼飞行器未转动时的阻力系数增大、平衡转速时阻力系数减小;在临界扭曲率以内,随着扭曲率的增加,飞行器平衡转速时翼面压力分布得到了有效改善,研究结果对于飞行器的气动构型设计及其飞行稳定性分析具有参考价值。     

煤油超音速燃烧的试验研究

在地面直连式试车台上,研究了煤油碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的点火燃烧性能。通过测量模型发动机壁面压力分布,比较了不同工况下的煤油点火燃烧性能。试验结果表明,在当量比为0.27～1.46的大范围内,煤油在超燃冲压模型发动机中能够成功点火,支板和凹腔对煤油在超声速气流中的点火及稳定燃烧有重要作用,少量氢气的喷入对煤油的点火燃烧有良好的促进作用。太厚的支板、过高的当量比、模型发动机第一级燃烧室加入燃料过多会使发动机壅塞,影响隔离段的正常工作,进而影响加热器喷管工作。     

Resource allocation with lumpy demand: To speed or not to speed?

In the classical EPQ model with continuous and constant demand, holding and setup costs are minimized when the production rate is no larger than the demand rate. However, the situation may change when demand is lumpy. We consider a firm that produces multiple products, each having a unique lumpy demand pattern. The decision involves determining both the lot size for each product and the allocation of resources for production rate improvements among the products. We find that each product's optimal production policy will take on only one of two forms: either continuous production or lot‐for‐lot production. The problem is then formulated as a nonlinear nonsmooth knapsack problem among products determined to be candidates for resource allocation. A heuristic procedure is developed to determine allocation amounts. The procedure decomposes the problem into a mixed integer program and a nonlinear convex resource allocation problem. Numerical tests suggest that the heuristic performs very well on average compared to the optimal solution. Both the model and the heuristic procedure can be extended to allow the company to simultaneously alter both the production rates and the incoming demand lot sizes through quantity discounts. Extensions can also be made to address the case where a single investment increases the production rate of multiple products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Properties of some stochastic orders: A unified study

The notions of the likelihood ratio order of degree s (s ≥ 0) are introduced for both continuous and discrete integer‐valued random variables. The new orders for s = 0, 1, and 2 correspond to the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. We obtain some basic properties of the new orders and their up shifted stochastic orders, and derive some closure properties of them. Such a study is meaningful because it throws an important light on the understanding of the properties of the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. On the other hand, the properties of the new orders have potential applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

几种易燃液体燃烧烟尘微观形貌特征研究

利用透射电子显微镜对几种易燃液体燃烧烟尘的微观形貌进行了研究,发现微观上易燃液体燃烧烟尘为分散的凝团,凝团形态为链状、簇状和絮状,在高倍率下观察发现,凝团是由直径几十纳米的准球形基本组成颗粒互相链接而成的。采烟高度和时间对烟尘形貌特征的辨别没有产生显著影响。     

基于测试性验证的故障注入系统设计研究

在以往的装备设计中多是按照实际需求,往往忽略了测试性验证,为装备的使用埋下隐患．以测试性验证为基础,设计了一套故障注入系统,并将其应用于某型号装备的自动驾驶仪设计阶段．实验表明,该系统能够快速有效地对装备实施故障注入并给出量化结果．     

基于角速率输入的圆锥误差补偿算法

针对光纤陀螺姿态测量系统中利用角速率拟合角增量进行圆锥误差补偿精度下降的问题,在陀螺仪角速率输入下,采用参数解析法优化的三子样算法,直接利用陀螺的角速率输出进行圆锥误差补偿。同时考虑工程实际中滤波器的影响,推导滤波角速率输入下三子样误差补偿算法的具体表达形式。仿真分析表明：参数解析法优化的角速率输入圆锥误差补偿算法优于传统算法;而针对滤波器引入的不可忽略的算法误差,可通过修正圆锥算法系数进行补偿。     

激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工工程陶瓷的试验研究

为验证激光加热辅助技术改善引弧微爆炸加工质量和提高加工效率的可行性,探索加工工艺参数对加工过程的影响规律,设计了激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工试验系统,并通过试验研究了工艺参数对材料去除率和崩碎的影响规律。试验结果表明：激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工陶瓷可以提高材料去除率,改善崩碎情况;加工效率随激光功率的增加而提高,随光斑尺寸的增大而降低,随距离的增加先提高后降低;崩碎随激光功率的增加而减少,随光斑尺寸的增大先减少后增多,随距离的增加先减少后增多。研究结果为激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工机理的研究和工艺参数的优化提供了参考依据。     

平行度动态测量的新方法

平行度测量是舰船设备系统标校的前提,传统的平行度测量方法需要依赖"星"或"标"的配合,由于舰船所在位置的限制,可能不具备设置"星"或"标"的条件,利用夜空的星星也很受限。为克服环境条件对标校的限制,可以采用角速率陀螺作为传感器动态测量指向设备的平行度,推出了计算俯仰和旋回零位误差的公式,并对器件误差的影响进行了估算,计算结果说明现有的角速率陀螺器件的精度能满足本测量方法的需求。该研究成果可在舰船设备系统标校中运用,以克服传统方法依赖外界条件的难题。     

Stein–Chen approximation and error bounds for order fill rates in assemble‐to‐order systems

Assemble‐to‐order (ATO) is an important operational strategy for manufacturing firms to achieve quick response to customer orders while keeping low finished good inventories. This strategy has been successfully used not only by manufacturers (e.g., Dell, IBM) but also by retailers (e.g., Amazon.com). The evaluation of order‐based performance is known to be an important but difficult task, and the existing literature has been mainly focused on stochastic comparison to obtain performance bounds. In this article, we develop an extremely simple Stein–Chen approximation as well as its error‐bound for order‐based fill rate for a multiproduct multicomponent ATO system with random leadtimes to replenish components. This approximation gives an expression for order‐based fill rate in terms of component‐based fill rates. The approximation has the property that the higher the component replenishment leadtime variability, the smaller the error bound. The result allows an operations manager to analyze the improvement in order‐based fill rates when the base‐stock level for any component changes. Numerical studies demonstrate that the approximation performs well, especially when the demand processes of different components are highly correlated; when the components have high base‐stock levels; or when the component replenishment leadtimes have high variability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012