基于离散降雨衰耗状态的卫星信道模型

针对Ka频段卫星信道中降雨衰耗的统计分布特点,建立了基于离散降雨衰耗状态的卫星信道模型,模型中各状态组成离散的Markov链并由其转移概率矩阵来表示,分析此模型下的信道误比特性能和数据包丢失性能。此模型能够适用于链路层以及高层通信协议。     

Subspace dynamic‐simplex linear interpolation search for mixed‐integer black‐box optimization problems

Design and management of complex systems with both integer and continuous decision variables can be guided using mixed‐integer optimization models and analysis. We propose a new mixed‐integer black‐box optimization (MIBO) method, subspace dynamic‐simplex linear interpolation search (SD‐SLIS), for decision making problems in which system performance can only be evaluated with a computer black‐box model. Through a sequence of gradient‐type local searches in subspaces of solution space, SD‐SLIS is particularly efficient for such MIBO problems with scaling issues. We discuss the convergence conditions and properties of SD‐SLIS algorithms for a class of MIBO problems. Under mild conditions, SD‐SLIS is proved to converge to a stationary solution asymptotically. We apply SD‐SLIS to six example problems including two MIBO problems associated with petroleum field development projects. The algorithm performance of SD‐SLIS is compared with that of a state‐of‐the‐art direct‐search method, NOMAD, and that of a full space simplex interpolation search, Full‐SLIS. The numerical results suggest that SD‐SLIS solves the example problems efficiently and outperforms the compared methods for most of the example cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 305–322, 2017     

离心机试验中惯导平台误差系数辨识方法

针对离心机试验中惯导平台误差系数辨识问题,提出一种6位置辨识方案。建立误差系数辨识的非线性模型,再利用扩展卡尔曼滤波估计误差系数。由滤波中的估值方差矩阵计算各误差系数之间的相关系数,用相关系数分析系统的可观性,并将所有相关系数之和最小作为优化指标,利用遗传算法得到最优的位置组合。仿真结果表明,采用该方案可以有效辨识出惯导平台中与加速度高阶项有关的各项误差系数。     

基于非线性Kalman滤波的导航系统误差补偿技术

针对非线性非高斯导航系统信息处理问题,采用自组织算法、神经网络和遗传算法等改进传统非线性Kalman滤波算法,构建一种自适应的组合导航系统。应用具有冗余趋势项的自组织算法、Volterra神经网络和遗传算法,建立导航系统误差的非线性预测模型,进而计算得到其预测值;将该预测值与Kalman滤波算法求得的估计值进行比较得到差值,以此监测Kalman滤波算法的工作状态;采用自适应控制方法,在导航系统结构层面改进Kalman滤波算法,构建新型的导航系统误差补偿模型。开展基于导航系统KIND-34的半实物仿真研究,应用所提出的改进方法改善了导航系统误差的补偿效果,提高了组合导航系统的自适应能力和容错能力。     

平流层飞艇抗风场干扰约束Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法设计与应用

为了提高风场干扰环境下飞艇的导航精度,研究飞艇抗风场干扰导航算法。在建立风场干扰条件下飞艇速度误差约束模型的基础上,设计抗风场干扰的约束Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法。确定风场干扰条件下飞艇的速度误差约束量,将该约束与Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,对速度误差进行估计和补偿,以减小风场对飞艇定位精度的影响;证明该算法的状态估计量不仅是无偏的,而且协方差小于标准Unscented卡尔曼滤波的协方差;将提出的算法应用于捷联惯导/天文/合成孔径雷达组合导航系统中进行仿真验证,并与自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波和抗差自适应Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法进行比较。结果表明:提出的约束Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法的滤波性能明显优于自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波和抗差自适应Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法,能够有效抑制风场对飞艇定位精度的影响,提高飞艇的导航定位精度。     

北斗卫星伪距信号质量评估及偏差校正

针对北斗卫星信号存在系统性伪距偏差的问题,从多路径角度评估北斗三频信号的质量,验证了该项偏差与卫星轨道类型、卫星仰角及信号频率有关。为消除这一系统性偏差的影响,采用连续分段线性函数建立北斗三频伪距偏差校正模型。与现有的改正模型所不同,所提模型不仅采用了更长时间范围内的北斗实测数据,更为重要的是它顾及了改正数的精度信息。基于动态精密单点定位的实验结果表明,采用所提方法修正后,接收机定位性能有明显提升。     

利用支持向量机的矢量跟踪通道故障检测算法

为了克服卫星导航矢量跟踪接收机中故障通道对其他正常通道的影响,提高矢量跟踪接收机的鲁棒性,提出一种利用支持向量机的通道故障检测算法,利用矢量跟踪接收机的导航滤波器的新息序列作为支持向量机的输入。支持向量机的输出为通道的状态,根据支持向量机的输出通道的状态来判断该通道是否纳入导航滤波器,用来跟踪滤波器状态值,这样能够有效地避免故障通道对导航结果的污染。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能准确地检测出有故障的通道,提高矢量跟踪环路的鲁棒性。     

高超声速飞行器组合导航体系效能评估

集合当今世界高精尖端技术的高超声速飞行器,单一或简单的组合导航方式已经无法保障其高超声速全球到达的飞行任务。研究了一种INS\GNSS\CNS组合导航体系方案,与典型的INS\GNSS组合导航系统方案相比较,并采用改进的贝叶斯法融合算法对这两种导航方案进行综合效能评估。结果证明,该评估方法切实可行,便于计算应用,证实了INS\GNSS\CNS组合导航体系保障高超声速飞行器作战能力更强。     

应用于卫星导航功率倒置阵的改进LMS算法*

采用功率倒置准则的自适应天线阵特别适合于弱信号、强干扰的场合,因而在卫星导航系统中得到了广泛的应用。针对基于最小均方误差(LMS)算法实现的卫星导航功率倒置阵在干扰数目或干扰功率突然减少时,算法收敛慢、影响信号接收性能的问题,分析了这一现象的产生机理,并提出了相应的改进算法。改进算法通过功率监测来检测干扰数目或干扰功率的突变,然后对LMS算法进行复位处理重置权值来达到迅速收敛的目的。仿真结果表明,与原算法相比,改进算法可显著提高功率倒置阵的收敛速度。     

Advancing “Defence-in-depth”: intelligence and systems dynamics

This article aims to encourage the fostering of more systems thinking, and its greater exploitation, within the domain of contemporary intelligence. With particular focus on “micro systems thinking” and with reference to key intelligence processes, such as intelligence analysis, the utility of many systems dynamics within the intelligence context seeks to be further revealed. Through their greater collective harnessing, including up to “System of Systems” (“SoS”) dynamics, and promoting all that they can offer, more sophisticated overarching operational-to-strategic/policy “ends,” notably that of “defence-in-depth,” can be viably further advanced in a sustainable manner into the future. Arguably, a much-needed transformative impact on contemporary intelligence can also be increasingly realised through comprehensively engaging in and with more systems and SoS thinking. Aiding civil protection tasks, crisis management, emergency planners, and civil contingency practitioners likewise gain.