Bounding the optimal burn‐in time for a system with two types of failure

Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining bounds to the optimal burn‐in time and optimal replacement policy maximizing the steady state availability of a repairable system. It is assumed that two types of system failures may occur: One is Type I failure (minor failure), which can be removed by a minimal repair, and the other is Type II failure (catastrophic failure), which can be removed only by a complete repair. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of the system has a bathtub‐shaped failure rate function, upper and lower bounds for the optimal burn‐in time are provided. Furthermore, some other applications of optimal burn‐in are also considered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Numerical simulation of warhead transportation

The new numerical approach for analysis of the warhead transportations is suggested.This approach allows to control the warhead operability before its experimental analysis.The approach is implemented by the adequate models for the software ANSYS.Analysis of the loads at land operations and trans-portations of the warhead by natural roads,water and aviation allows to obtain the maximal values of loads,which are used in numerical simulations of the warhead.These loads give an opportunity to analyze the operability and the fatigue strength of the cartridge warhead.The numerical simulations of the attachments of the warhead combat elements are performed on the basis of the suggested method.The data of the numerical simulations verifies the operability of the fastener system of the warhead combat elements.     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

用像素模拟仿真法计算子母弹头的毁伤效率

介绍了像素模拟仿真法的基本原理 ,给出了用该方法计算子母弹头对点、线、面目标毁伤效率的计算方法以及对典型目标机场跑道封锁效率的计算方法 ,并对实际工程中像素点的选取进行了研究 ;此外 ,提出了新颖的“探雷器”法 ,有效地解决了其它计算方法繁琐费时的弊端 ,从而大大提高了计算速度     

锂电池储能在电磁发射中的应用

随着电磁发射技术的发展,储能环节成为其中不可或缺的一部分。对基本储能单元需求进行分析,以用电系统功率和能量需求为牵引,以储能系统体积重量适装性最优为目标,充分对比现有各类电池参数指标,从安全性、功率密度、能量密度和循环寿命四个方面进行考虑,确定基本储能单元类型为锂电池。面对舰上不同电磁发射设备电压、电流的需求,需要研究能够实现锂电池组快速灵活串并转换的拓扑结构。在实现电池组稳定并联之前,需保证电池组的一致性,因此需计算出电池荷电状态并进行均衡;针对短脉冲大倍率连续放电工况下荷电状态估算不准确的问题,提出以蓄电池组作为研究对象,采用动态辨识方法进行估算。由于各电池组之间存在不一致性,并联起来放电时可能导致输出电流不均衡,使得本来就处于高倍率放电的电池组超限使用,因此将提出一种电池组均流方法来解决此问题。     

飞机运动态势对航空深弹入水点散布影响分析

航空自导深弹具有结构简单、可靠性高、不受水文条件限制等特点,而且还具有自导捕获和跟踪目标能力,对于提高航空兵部队反潜能力具有重要作用。反潜机投放高度、投放速度等运动态势关系到使用航空自导深弹对目标实施准确打击。针对航空自导鱼雷攻潜实际过程,建立其入水点的散布误差模型和空中弹道模型,并仿真分析反潜机投弹高度、投弹速度对航空自导深弹入水点的影响。     

基于仿真的深弹拦截鱼雷作战效能评估分析方法

拦截概率是反映悬浮式深弹拦截鱼雷作战效能的一项关键指标。结合战场态势对拦截概率及其影响因素进行了分析,提出了深弹阵对预定拦截线有效覆盖的问题;分析并提出了有效投影区间的计算公式,建立了拦截概率的理论计算模型;提出了基于仿真的拦截概率点估计和区间估计方法。仿真表明,该方法可为深弹拦截鱼雷的指控自动化设计、训战计划制定及其效果分析提供参考。     

基于炮口雷达的初速综合预测技术

初速对火炮的"首发命中"影响较大.因而,预估初速的各种方法纷纷出台.从发射药、火炮两个不同角度分别测算初速偏差是以往的主要方法.初速综合预测技术首次以炮口测速雷达的测量数据为基础预测初速,预测效果和使用等问题被普遍关注.本着应用原则,从工程实现中的焦点问题出发,提供了在现有指挥平台上应用的方法.