主成分分析法在评价全国火灾形势中的应用研究

介绍了主成分分析法评价火灾形势的基本原理,并对全国火灾形势进行了综合评价,最后对评价结果进行了分析,进一步证实了主成分分析法的科学性和合理性。     

高层通讯大厦消防设计分析

随着城市的发展和建筑水平的提高,对消防设计提出了越来越高的要求,防火分区的设计尤其重要。针对某高层通讯大厦的消防设计实例进行分析,运用性能化设计方法,探讨利用防火玻璃解决防火分区超大的技术办法。     

编辑职业倦怠归因分析

编辑职业倦怠是目前形势下出现的一种心理现象。主要表现为焦虑和疲惫心理严重,工作缺乏激情;与人沟通困难,人际关系紧张;工作进取心不足,事业成就感低等。应从工作和职业特征因素、组织管理因素、个体因素三方面提出缓解编辑职业倦怠现象的对策。     

火灾情况下地铁通风系统运行模式分析

分析了地铁在火灾情况下区间隧道和站台各种通风系统运行模式,以及通风系统有效运行所需达到的物理参数。对通风模式进行了分析,确定了火灾情况下最佳的通风方式。分析现行规范规定的数据,用临界风速公式进行计算得出区间隧道风速不满足通风要求。     

Interval scheduling: A survey

In interval scheduling, not only the processing times of the jobs but also their starting times are given. This article surveys the area of interval scheduling and presents proofs of results that have been known within the community for some time. We first review the complexity and approximability of different variants of interval scheduling problems. Next, we motivate the relevance of interval scheduling problems by providing an overview of applications that have appeared in literature. Finally, we focus on algorithmic results for two important variants of interval scheduling problems. In one variant we deal with nonidentical machines: instead of each machine being continuously available, there is a given interval for each machine in which it is available. In another variant, the machines are continuously available but they are ordered, and each job has a given “maximal” machine on which it can be processed. We investigate the complexity of these problems and describe algorithms for their solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Integrated production scheduling and preventive maintenance planning for a single machine under a cumulative damage failure process

This paper finds the optimal integrated production schedule and preventive maintenance plan for a single machine exposed under a cumulative damage process, and investigates how the optimal preventive maintenance plan interacts with the optimal production schedule. The goal is to minimize the total tardiness. The optimal policy possesses the following properties: Under arbitrary maintenance plan when jobs have common processing time, and different due dates, the optimal production schedule is to order the jobs by earliest due date first rule; and when jobs have common due date and different processing times, the optimal production schedule is shortest processing time first. The optimal maintenance plan is of control limit type under any arbitrary production schedule when machine is exposed under a cumulative damage failure process. Numerical studies on the optimal maintenance control limit of the maintenance plan indicate that as the number of jobs to be scheduled increases, the effect of jobs due dates on the optimal maintenance control limit diminishes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Switching costs,dynamic uncertainty,and buyer–seller relationships

We analyze strategic relationships between buyers and sellers in markets with switching costs and dynamic uncertainty by investigating the scenario wherein a representative buyer trades with two foreign sellers located in the same foreign country. We show that, under exchange rate uncertainty, switching costs may lead to switching equilibria where both sellers co‐exist in the market with the buyer, or no‐switching equilibria where either seller captures the market. The presence of exchange rate uncertainty facilitates competition by allowing the sellers to co‐exist in the market with the buyer. However, if the level of uncertainty is beyond a threshold, the only viable equilibria are those where one of the sellers captures the market. Further, depending on the level of exchange rate uncertainty and the sellers' variable costs, switching costs may either raise or lower the level of prices in long‐term contracts between the buyer and the sellers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Bayesian strategies for dynamic pricing in e‐commerce

E‐commerce platforms afford retailers unprecedented visibility into customer purchase behavior and provide an environment in which prices can be updated quickly and cheaply in response to changing market conditions. This study investigates dynamic pricing strategies for maximizing revenue in an Internet retail channel by actively learning customers' demand response to price. A general methodology is proposed for dynamically pricing information goods, as well as other nonperishable products for which inventory levels are not an essential consideration in pricing. A Bayesian model of demand uncertainty involving the Dirichlet distribution or a mixture of such distributions as a prior captures a wide range of beliefs about customer demand. We provide both analytic formulas and efficient approximation methods for updating these prior distributions after sales data have been observed. We then investigate several strategies for sequential pricing based on index functions that consider both the potential revenue and the information value of selecting prices. These strategies require a manageable amount of computation, are robust to many types of prior misspecification, and yield high revenues compared to static pricing and passive learning approaches. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Machine maintenance with workload considerations

Machine maintenance is modeled in the setting of a single‐server queue. Machine deterioration corresponds to slower service rates and failure. This leads to higher congestion and an increase in customer holding costs. The decision‐maker decides when to perform maintenance, which may be done pre‐emptively; before catastrophic failures. Similar to classic maintenance control models, the information available to the decision‐maker includes the state of the server. Unlike classic models, the information also includes the number of customers in queue. Considered are both a repair model and a replacement model. In the repair model, with random replacement times, fixed costs are assumed to be constant in the server state. In the replacement model, both constant and variable fixed costs are considered. It is shown in general that the optimal maintenance policies have switching curve structure that is monotone in the server state. However, the switching curve policies for the repair model are not always monotone in the number of customers in the queue. Numerical examples and two heuristics are also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

线性规划优化分析的元模型方法及其比较

线性规划优化分析在经济管理等领域有着广泛的应用。当线性规划约束条件的右端向量在一定范围内变化时,目标函数的最优值是右端向量的一个复杂的分片线性函数,但通常难以给出分析表达式。应用多项式回归、径向基函数、Kriging法及多项式回归 Kriging法这四种元模型方法,能快速预测最优值函数。通过仿真实验,对这四种形式的元模型作较全面的比较分析。数值实验的结果表明,用次数较少的实验设计,后三种方法都具有较高的拟合精度;特别地,多项式回归 Kriging法不仅拟合精度高,而且还能用一个二阶多项式给出最优值函数的一个简明的近似描述。结果表明,元模型方法是研究线性规划优化分析问题的有效途径。