Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Fatigue crack propagation in a helicopter component subjected to impact damage

Damage tolerant methodology is increasingly used in aeronautical components,especially due the fact that the Aviation Regulation requires such an assessment in case an accidental damage occurs.At pre-sent,there is a strong and actual interest in applying such procedures to helicopter components that are subjected to high frequency cyclic loads.In this paper,an investigation on a damaged transmission shaft for a tail rotor transmission of an actual helicopter has been carried out focusing on the fatigue crack propagation.A complete sequence of experimental tests was performed in order to create an actual ballistic damage and to subsequently check the damage tolerant behaviour.The shaft was damaged by oblique ballistic impact and was subsequently subjected to torsional fatigue loading.During the fatigue cycles several cracks propagated from the ballistic damages.Both of these steps(impact and fatigue loading)were also simulated by a complex modelling approach based on Finite Element Models and fracture mechanics theory.The comparison between the experimental and numerical results shows a good agreement but it underlines the need for a very refined modelling technique capable to replicate all the features associated with the damage in order to reliably simulate the subsequent propagation phase.     

未知数量稀疏源盲分离的一种新方法

提出了一种新的用于未知数量稀疏源盲分离的统一方法。为了改善聚类分离的精度,该方法选取混合空间中半径给定的、中心位于原点的超球面以外的所有数据点,然后将这些数据点映射到中心位于原点的单位超球面上以得到集合Cy。由此,原来的聚类变为致密聚类,各聚类互相重叠的现象几乎消失。随后,先通过关于Cy的聚类分离来估计混合矩阵,再根据混合矩阵估计源,其中最佳不相似阈值和相应的聚类数量是自动生成的。计算机仿真结果验证了该方法对具有不同程度稀疏性源的有效性。当源充分稀疏时,重构信噪比大约是300 dB。因此,该方法精确、便利。     

用于堤坝检测的剖面声纳系统实验研究

针对水下堤坝安全检测,提出并设计实现了适合水下机器人等小平台为载体的可用于堤坝安全检测的高分辨率剖面声纳,系统通过获取被测堤坝内部的回波信号,由DSP构成的水下处理单元进行实时信号处理,从而可获得坝体内介质不连续的信息,并由水上分机进行堤坝内部剖面图像的重建及显示。通过水池和外场堤坝工程检测等应用实例,取得了良好的效果,验证了系统技术路线的可行性和性能的稳健性。     

基于多元高斯概率分布的无线局域网定位方法研究

针对无线局域网环境及室内目标定位需求,研究了基于接收信号强度指示的定位技术,提出了一种基于多元高斯概率分布的信号强度模式匹配方法,讨论了定位系统框架。试验结果表明,该方法具有较好的室内定位效果。     

直扩信号侦收技术研究

DS信号是一种具有优良电子防御能力的新型通信信号,广泛运用于军事、民用通信系统中。对抗这种技术的侦察手段目前还没有取得实用性的进展,因此,需开展大量的理论和实践工作。总结了在低信噪比下对直接序列扩频信号侦收的方法,并比较各个方法的优缺点,探讨了其中一些关键问题和新技术途径。     

PD雷达信号时频特性分析

应用时频分析的基本理论和基本方法,分析了不同脉冲宽度、不同脉冲重复频率以及不同采样频率对PD雷达发射信号时频分布特征的影响,研究了不同目标距离、不同目标速度、不同目标加速度以及噪声背景下不同目标反射强度条件下PD雷达目标反射信号的时频分布特征,并使用MATLAB时频分析工具箱对其进行仿真。     

基于符号树信息熵的机械振动瞬态信号特征提取

用简单的二进制划分简要说明了信号符号化问题,给出了二进制划分下符号树结构及其Shannon熵计算方法,叙述了符号序列编码方法和符号序列直方图的作用,提交了符号时间序列分析的计算机流程图,对内燃机机身振动信号和转轴振动信号用符号树信息熵进行了特征提取。     

平面运动激波绕障碍物流动的非结构Euler解

用三角形非结构网格及有限体积法求解Euler方程 ,对运动激波跨越不同截面形状的二维障碍物绕流进行了数值模拟。计算结果给出了不同时刻各流场的复杂结构 ,该结构与实验结果一致。计算表明用非结构算法模拟复杂外形绕流具有简单、准确的特点 ,并能避免尖角处非物理结果的产生     

带电粒子束自生力对束流扩散的影响

带电粒子束由于受到静电斥力作用 ,它在传输时总是扩散的。本文根据相对论的罗仑兹变换以及牛顿运动定律 ,研究了带电粒子束在其自生空间电荷力作用下通过外层空间的真空中传输时的扩散现象 ,得出了粒子束传输的扩散方程 ,提出了一种计算粒子束扩散半径的方法。然后讨论了影响粒子束传输的各种因素 ,包括粒子束类型、能量、束流、出口初始束半径以及散角等。最后从传输技术角度指出了宜选择高能小流初始半径大的电子束 ,研究结果不仅同国外研究相符合 ,而且将为研究粒子束传输技术提供科学依据。