基于作战环的单目标毁伤概率分析

针对现代化战争的特点,基于作战环的思想,将整个作战环分成几个不同的环节进行分析,并提出了一种求解武器装备对于单目标毁伤概率的计算方法。该方法考虑了不同环节对于目标毁伤的影响,定量计算了武器装备对敌方目标的毁伤概率,既从宏观层面上考虑了武器装备的涌现性,又从底层分析了影响目标毁伤的参数。最后通过示例分析验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

Sensor placement in active multistatic sonar networks

The idea of deploying noncollocated sources and receivers in multistatic sonar networks (MSNs) has emerged as a promising area of opportunity in sonar systems. This article is one of the first to address point coverage problems in MSNs, where a number of points of interest have to be monitored in order to protect them from hostile underwater assets. We consider discrete “definite range” sensors as well as various diffuse sensor models. We make several new contributions. By showing that the convex hull spanned by the targets is guaranteed to contain optimal sensor positions, we are able to limit the solution space. Under a definite range sensor model, we are able to exclude even more suboptimal solutions. We then formulate a nonlinear program and an integer nonlinear program to express the sensor placement problem. To address the nonconvex single‐source placement problem, we develop the Divide Best Sector (DiBS) algorithm, which quickly provides an optimal source position assuming fixed receivers. Starting with a basic implementation of DiBS, we show how incorporating advanced sector splitting methods and termination conditions further improve the algorithm. We also discuss two ways to use DiBS to find multiple source positions by placing sensors iteratively or simultaneously. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 287–304, 2017     

融合空间偏好和语义的个体活动识别方法

个体活动识别对用户画像、个性化推荐、异常行为检测、群体行为分析和基于活动的资源配置优化具有重要价值。提出了一种基于稀疏的社交媒体签到数据的个体活动语义识别方法,从签到数据中提取活动行为的时间周期性和趋势性特征,并采用空间偏好量化算法,从个体与群体活动的空间关联中提取群体和个体的空间访问偏好,使用自然语言嵌入工具BERT模型提取访问兴趣点的语义。时间特征、空间偏好特征和访问兴趣点名称语义特征共同构成表征群体、个体偏好的时空联合特征,通过极限梯度提升分类器对其进行分类,得到活动语义识别结果。在Foursquare数据集上的对比实验和消融实验中验证了所提活动语义识别模型可以有效提升活动语义识别的准确性。     

工程陶瓷单晶压痕边缘破碎理论研究与机理分析

通过单晶压痕边缘破碎实验,研究陶瓷发生边缘脆性破裂整个过程的力值变化,结果表明:压痕距边缘距离越小,压力施载速度越快,发生边缘破碎的脆性断裂力值越小。结合单晶压痕应力场数值模型和有限元仿真,分析了陶瓷材料受不同条件的外加载压力作用下的应力场分布和失效条件,其所得结论与实际结果一致。通过对压痕部位和边缘破碎部位显微形貌观察,证明边缘破碎缘于裂纹失稳扩展和贯通,并运用线弹性断裂力学理论分析了边缘破碎机理。     

瞄准式战斗部瞄准策略研究

对不同的瞄准点,瞄准式战斗部对目标毁伤效果不同,为此提出了适用于瞄准式战斗部的瞄准策略,保证了对目标较高的毁伤概率和较好的毁伤效果,解决了起爆之前战斗部的定位问题。     

非相参三点源有源诱偏下ARM弹着点研究

非相参多点源诱偏技术是对抗反辐射导弹(ARM)的有效手段。以ARM目标分辨的二分组理论和双点源诱偏的仿真结果为依据,对等功率三点源诱偏的2种经典布局的ARM落点整体分布进行预测。通过对ARM落点和系统被击中概率曲线的分析及拟合处理,验证了预测的正确性及系统被击中概率与占地面积的相关性,为通信辐射源抗ARM的布设提供一定的参考。     

微槽结构单点金刚石飞切加工的切削力建模

超精密单点金刚石飞刀切削技术是一种比较新颖的微槽类结构加工方式。在飞切过程中,切削力是切削过程中重要的物理量,对加工后的表面质量、刀具磨损等有着直接影响。提出了一种基于直角微切削理论的动态微槽类结构飞切的力学模型,基于微切削理论,得到了前、后刀面切削力的理论模型。根据飞切的几何运动特征,建立了飞切过程中剪切角的计算模型,并根据单圈飞切实验得到了飞切过程中剪切面的变化规律。为了验证模型的正确性,采用不同切削参数进行了多圈重叠飞切实验,对切削力进行了测量和分析。实验得到的切削力大小和变化规律与理论模型计算得到的基本一致,证明了该切削力模型的有效性。     

They protect us,but are they using protection? The potential impact of HIV on the South African Police Service

The drivers of HIV/AIDS in the South African Police Service (SAPS) and impact of the disease on this workforce are neglected areas of research. Existing evidence suggests that while the occupational risk for contracting HIV is low, there are factors associated with the profession that, if left unmanaged, place police officers at risk of contracting HIV. This study's two aims are to identify the potential pathways of HIV infection within policing services and determine the probable impact of HIV/AIDS on SAPS. Through a systematic literature review on HIV/AIDS within police services, and by analysing selected SAPS human resource data, the causal pathways and impact of HIV/AIDS on police services are explored. The study finds that police officers (particularly male officers) are likely to be highly susceptible to HIV infection as a result of risky sexual behaviours born out of occupational characteristics such as high levels of stress, difficult working conditions, living away from home and interactions with sex workers. The problem is exacerbated by the ‘macho’ culture that often prevails among police officers. HIV/AIDS interventions within SAPS must focus on sustained behaviour change. Further, HIV programmes must equip officers with the knowledge and awareness to avoid engaging in high-risk sexual practices that may compromise their health and the effectiveness of the policing service.     

Why a small probability of terror generates a large macroeconomic impact

The basic narrative of bargaining theory predicts that, all else equal, anarchy favors concessions to challengers who demonstrate the will and ability to escalate against defenders. For this reason, post-9/11 political science research explained terrorism as rational strategic behavior for non-state challengers to induce government compliance given their constraints. Over the past decade, however, empirical research has consistently found that neither escalating to terrorism nor with terrorism helps non-state actors to achieve their demands. In fact, escalating to terrorism or with terrorism increases the odds that target countries will dig in their political heels, depriving the non-state challengers of their given preferences. These empirical findings across disciplines, methodologies, as well as salient global events raise important research questions, with implications for counterterrorism strategy.     

基于相位估计的湍流降质图像盲复原

地基望远镜观测的空间目标图像受大气湍流的影响,其分辨率受到很大的限制。为了提高湍流降质图像的复原效果,提出一种改进的盲解卷积方法。首先,考虑观测图像受到高斯噪声和泊松噪声的干扰,推导出基于混合噪声模型的盲解卷积代价函数;然后,根据傅里叶光学原理,利用波前相位表示点扩展函数,将点扩展函数从像素值估计转换为参数估计;最后,通过参数化表示方式,将代价函数寻优从约束最优化问题转换为无约束最优化问题。模拟实验结果验证了本文模型与数值算法的有效性。