How viable is international arms control for military artificial intelligence? Three lessons from nuclear weapons

Many observers anticipate “arms races” between states seeking to deploy artificial intelligence (AI) in diverse military applications, some of which raise concerns on ethical and legal grounds, or from the perspective of strategic stability or accident risk. How viable are arms control regimes for military AI? This article draws a parallel with the experience in controlling nuclear weapons, to examine the opportunities and pitfalls of efforts to prevent, channel, or contain the militarization of AI. It applies three analytical lenses to argue that (1) norm institutionalization can counter or slow proliferation; (2) organized “epistemic communities” of experts can effectively catalyze arms control; (3) many military AI applications will remain susceptible to “normal accidents,” such that assurances of “meaningful human control” are largely inadequate. I conclude that while there are key differences, understanding these lessons remains essential to those seeking to pursue or study the next chapter in global arms control.     

武器系统软件靶场测试方法

从软件测试在软件开发过程中的作用出发,阐述了软件测试在武器系统研制试验与鉴定过程中的重要地位,指出武器系统在靶场进行试验过程中,对武器系统软件进行系统测试的重要性。根据靶场的实际条件和武器系统在靶场进行试验时武器系统软件具有的特点,基于现代软件测试理论和软件测试方法,研究探讨了在靶场这一特殊的环境下对武器系统软件进行系统测试的试验方法和进行测试的系统步骤,对武器系统软件的靶场测试具有重要的指导意义。     

论社会消防安全评价指标体系的构建和运行

分析以火灾统计四项数据为评价指标的社会消防安全状况评价体系存在的弊端,论述构建新的社会消防安全评价体系的必要性和原则,并阐述了建立评价体系的基本构成要素和正确实施评价体系的保障机制。     

一种基于SCA的FPGA硬件抽象层设计方法

针对软件无线电关于波形软件的可移植性要求,借鉴软件通信体系硬件抽象层连接规范,采用开放式体系结构和模块化设计思想,研究了一种针对FPGA的硬件抽象层设计与实现方法.通过引入source和sink接口抽象底层的硬件连接,使FPGA的波形设计与具体硬件平台分离,实现硬件系统中波形软件的动态配置.在实际信号处理系统中的应用表明,使用该方法设计的软件具有很好的可移植性、可重用性和可互操作性,可减少重复开发,能有效缩短系统开发周期,提高系统开发效率.     

基于切比雪夫神经网络的软件定义卫星网络智能路由策略

针对现有的软件定义卫星网络中流表占用的三态内容寻址存储器空间不断增加,复杂的流表项查找、匹配过程导致路由转发效率降低,无法满足多样化应用需求的问题,提出基于神经网络的软件定义卫星网络智能路由架构。控制器通过训练神经网络获取数据流的传输模式,并用训练后的神经网络代替流表,在此基础上提出基于Chebyshev神经网络的智能路由策略,交换机根据数据流的业务类型预测其转发路径,以满足卫星网络应用的服务质量要求。仿真结果表明:所提路由策略显著减少了占用的三态内容寻址存储器存储空间,提高了路由效率。     

计算机实验教学软件环境规范化管理初探

根据实验教学的要求和不同的机型 ,对实验教学软件进行规范化管理 ,利用“克隆”技术和硬盘保护卡有效地保护数据和快速恢复数据 ,确保教学用机的安全和有效率     

软件可靠性分配的遗传模型研究

对软件可靠性分配的遗传模型进行了研究,结合相关知识缩小了基本遗传算法的搜索区域,比较灵活地处理了非线性约束条件,提高了搜索效率,避免了早熟收敛现象.此外,在基本遗传算法中增加了保优操作,从而能够在理论上保证实现分配的最优化.算例表明,该算法十分有效.     

南疆阿拉尔垦区九团流动人口基本势态分析

由于自然资源禀赋差异的存在,部分省份的流动人口在利益的驱使下移入南疆垦区.他们是本地三产的主力,对边疆的稳定和发展做出了贡献.本文采用了实证的方法研究了这些人员的基本结构、流动原因、流动率及其社会形态,使他们的生存环境得到改善,安心屯垦戍边.     

软件测试中的路径划分技术

路径覆盖测试准则要优于其它已知的覆盖准则,但由于对一般的软件,路径数目太大,以至实际难以实现。路径划分是路径覆盖技术的一个折中方法。给定的程序Ｐ和给定模块的最大路径数目ｋ,按就近原则,现给出了一种划分Ｐ的算法,使得每个划分后的模块所包含的路径数目都少于等于ｋ。同时也给出了最佳划分的度量标准和最佳划分方法。     

Youth Between State and Rebel (Dis)Orders: Contesting Legitimacy from Below in Sub-Sahara Africa

Abstract

The Sahel has gained attention in international politics as one of the central theatres in the war on terrorism. International actors in this war seek alliances with states in the region, reinforcing the latter’s military strength and their legitimacy from outside. At the same time, increasingly-connected young populations question the legitimacy of their states, and contest that legitimacy from within and below. In the absence of states delivering any reasonable form of social contract, young people become torn between different governing orders and find themselves in a liminal space. In this article we present the cases of youth in Mali and Chad, who find themselves in a period of re-definition of their position in society and hence search for legitimate structures representation. In this search they may frame their belonging in terms of ethnicity, religion or political opposition – and increasingly also in adherence to global citizenship. New information flows and connectivity among young people in these regions, and between them and the diaspora, has given a new turn to their search for citizenship/belonging and rightful representation. However, whether their search will be successful in this geopolitical context is questionable.