论道德教育对亲社会行为的培养作用——以“向陈洲贵同志学习”为例

亲社会行为具有无私增进他人利益的道德属性.亲社会行为与道德的这种特殊关系,决定了亲社会行为培养离不开道德教育的作用.事实上,道德教育对亲社会行为培养具有诸多正向作用.如道德榜样教育激发亲社会行为模仿,道德知识传授解释亲社会行为的合理性,道德舆论宣传创设亲社会行为的情境氛围等,通过考察这些正向作用,为亲社会行为的伦理培养提供有益思考.     

经济视角下的《骆驼祥子》

老舍在《骆驼祥子》中采用经济视角,与自身的生活经历和时代背景有关。通过在作品中运用经济视角探究人的解放、展开社会批判、进行伦理剖析,比较客观地还原了生活的本真和人生的本相,让读者透视了经济生活表象下蕴含的精神内涵。     

Equilibrium customer strategies and social–profit maximization in the single‐server constant retrial queue

We consider the single‐server constant retrial queue with a Poisson arrival process and exponential service and retrial times. This system has not waiting space, so the customers that find the server busy are forced to abandon the system, but they can leave their contact details. Hence, after a service completion, the server seeks for a customer among those that have unsuccessfully applied for service but left their contact details, at a constant retrial rate. We assume that the arriving customers that find the server busy decide whether to leave their contact details or to balk based on a natural reward‐cost structure, which incorporates their desire for service as well as their unwillingness to wait. We examine the customers' behavior, and we identify the Nash equilibrium joining strategies. We also study the corresponding social and profit maximization problems. We consider separately the observable case where the customers get informed about the number of customers waiting for service and the unobservable case where they do not receive this information. Several extensions of the model are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

IED casualties mask the real problem: it's us

Casualty figures suggest that the US/Allied Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) policy and the present allocation of national assets, resources, and intellectual capital have not been very successful. A number of explanations for why this has been the case are discussed and critiqued here.     

Crime facilitation purposes of social networking sites: A review and analysis of the ‘cyberbanging’ phenomenon

There have been growing claims in media circles and law-enforcement settings that street gangs and criminal groups are turning to Internet-based social networking sites for various reasons ranging from the showcasing of their images and exploits to the suspected recruitment of members. The present study investigates whether such a trend is, in fact, in place. The presence of street gangs on these Internet sites is referred to as cyberbanging. While there is some anecdotal evidence suggesting that gangs are turning to social networking sites, there is little available research on exactly how street gangs and criminal groups use the Internet. Our main argument is that gang culture is in many ways an individualized phenomenon and this feature ties in directly with recent assessments of the Internet as a setting that is governed by a process of networked individualism. This theoretical link between the individualized gang setting and the presence of gang members on social networking sites helps us understand why recruitment is improbable even in a context where people are openly diffusing their image and exploits to a growing number of Internet users. The empirical segment of this research adds to this general outlook. Based on a keyword search of over 50 street gang names, the three main social networking sites (Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace) were monitored for street gang presence. Results illustrate that gang presence on social networking sites is linked primarily to promoting a general gang or street culture through individual displays. In regard to the visitors to such sites, there is no evidence that they are being tricked or manipulated in any way. They are, however, showing their curiosity in regard to such groups and, for those who share their comments and opinions, signs of support are evident. Thus, whereas criminal gangs are not proactively using the Internet to convert anyone into being gang members, social networking sites are creating a new venue for people who share or are sensitive to the values underlying street gang lifestyle to come together. These sites essentially create a new convergence setting for gang members to interact with a wider number of people who would probably never have been exposed to their lifestyles and exploits through physical interactions. The study's conclusion extends these findings toward further research in this area, as well as outlining the more relevant implications for law-enforcement monitoring of this growing phenomenon.     

信息推荐系统中的朋友关系预测算法设计

伴随着互联网规模的不断扩展,信息过载问题越来越突出。信息推荐系统被视为解决信息过载问题的最有效方法。然而目前的方法大多数仅考虑用户独立的反馈,而忽略用户的社会属性对推荐的重要作用,这对信息推荐系统的性能会造成巨大的影响。为此,本文提出了基于朋友关系预测的信息推荐算法,将用户的社会关系预测引入信息推荐过程中,分别基于用户的拓扑信息及历史交互信息建立用户社会关系的存在性判定及关系类型判定,并利用线性回归分析方法和逻辑回归分析方法实现了基本特征的融合。最后,通过在Epinions和Slashdot真实数据集上的实验证明,本方法能够有效提高用户社会关系预测的准确性。     

道德教育的社会支持系统探析

在社会转型时期的学校教育受到许多挑战,加上一直以来对学校在道德教育中的作用被过分放大,使学校面临巨大的压力。实际上,真正的、有效的道德教育需要一个广泛的支持系统。我国需要结合学校、家庭、社区及社会的综合力量,营造"大德育"的环境,建立起道德教育的社会支持系统。     

基于转移费用矩阵的机器人路径规划方法

本文描述了机器人路径规划的一种新方法：基于转移费用矩阵的机器人路径规划方法。通过定义转移费用矩阵的概念及其上的二元运算,将最优路径的生成,转化为矩阵的运算,使得有限步的矩阵运算,即可得到环境中所有点间的最优路径,达到了在预处理阶段构造最优路径集的目的。最后,介绍了该方法在移动机器人任务规划中的应用     

基于状态变换的同步时序电路测试生成

详细分析了固定故障所反映出的状态变换特征,提出状态变换故障模型以及相对应的测试生成压缩方法;基于无复位时序电路,深入研究了有复位状态的同步状态机测试生成方法的扩展问题;最后讨论了故障精简以及启发知识在测试生成中的应用问题。     

基于定时Petri网的舰艇保障能力仿真与评估

舰艇保障是一种主要依赖后勤技术装备的专业化后勤,也是涉及并行、冲突,并受资源、装配时间等限制的复杂离散事件过程。借助定时Petri网强大的描述能力标记过程中的各种动态行为,在此基础上对包括后勤装备在内的后勤实体、保障任务、保障活动等进行建模,采用编码、转换等手段实现舰艇保障过程仿真,并使用仿真结果对后勤保障能力进行"定量计算"为主的分析评估。