Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

Experimental research on the instability propagation characteristics of liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave

In order to study the instability propagation characteristics of the liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave (RDW), a series of experimental tests were carried out on the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) with air-heater. The fuel and oxidizer are room-temperature liquid kerosene and preheated oxygen-enriched air, respectively. The experimental tests keep the equivalence ratio of 0.81 and the oxygen mass fraction of 35% unchanged, and the total mass flow rate is maintained at about 1000 g/s, changing the total temperature of the oxygen-enriched air from 620 K to 860 K. Three different types of instability were observed in the experiments: temporal and spatial instability, mode transition and re-initiation. The interaction between RDW and supply plenum may be the main reason for the fluctuations of detonation wave velocity and pressure peaks with time. Moreover, the inconsistent mixing of fuel and oxidizer at different circumferential positions is related to RDW oscillate spatially. The phenomenon of single-double-single wave transition is analyzed. During the transition, the initial RDW weakens until disappears, and the compression wave strengthens until it becomes a new RDW and propagates steadily. The increased deflagration between the detonation products and the fresh gas layer caused by excessively high temperature is one of the reasons for the RDC quenching and re-initiation.     

Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin plate. The fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud eventually. Propagation models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere, which uses elliptic equations (corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space) to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction wave. The “Effective thickness” is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the sphere. The “Effective thickness” is directly related to the form of the debris cloud. The relation of the “Effective thickness” and the “Optimum thickness” is also discussed. The impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated theories. The results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact velocity. The curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact velocities. The predicted “Effective thickness” is consistent with the simulation results. The analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.     

X频段在地面警戒雷达中的应用特性

针对X频段在地面警戒雷达中的应用问题,在频段优势、对抗能力、机动能力方面,对X频段地面警戒雷达作了详细分析,同时论述了它在噪声背景和杂波背景下的性能、探测能力、系统特性,并提出了应采取的技术措施.通过实例表明该频段雷达具有一定的探测能力和抗干扰能力.     

高频地波超视距雷达述评

高频(HF)地波超视距雷达(GW-OTHR)利用雷达波束绕地表面衍射作用,能探测视距外的舰船、低空飞机和巡航导弹,不仅覆盖面积大、费用低,能弥补常规微波雷达低空盲区和天波超视距雷达的近距盲区,也无需注意电离层的变化,且可反隐身、抗反辐射导弹(ARM),因而在许多国家的国民经济和国防领域中得到了广泛的应用。论述了地波沿海面传播的特性和探测能力,并对超视距雷达的发展和应用进行了介绍。     

高速方尾水面舰船兴波问题计算方法研究

将Dawson型兴波阻力计算方法推广用于高速方尾水面舰船兴波问题计算,在计算中同时计入了尾封板0静压力、尾倾与下沉等因素的影响.以两高速方尾水面舰船为例计算了兴波问题,将兴波阻力计算值与剩余阻力模型试验值进行了比较,求出了相应的相关系数.结果表明,本方法可较好地求解高速方尾水面舰船的兴波问题,兴波阻力相关系数可用于修正理论计算结果,以提高计算精度.     

雷电回击地面水平电场的解析求解

假定大地为良导电平面 ,基于DU模型计算了雷电回击地面电磁场 ,并探讨了地面水平电场的求解。对于雷电回击水平电场的两种近似求解方法———大地表面阻抗法和斜波法 ,进行了解析推导 ,并从数学上证明了两种方法在远区场的等价法。     

基于邻域灰度分布的IR弱小目标检测

图像中邻域内灰度起伏程度越大 ,各点灰度值占邻域内总灰度值的比率的平方和越大 ,由此提出了一种基于邻域灰度分布的弱小目标检测方法。同时考虑到复杂自然背景 ,特别是背景中含有大量边缘和高频点的情况 ,提出了目标检测的改进方法。最后 ,利用邻域判决法实现运动目标的进一步分离。实验表明该方法能够极大地减少候选目标点数 ,准确有效地检测复杂自然背景中的红外运动弱小目标 ,适合于实时和多目标的检测     

利用简并V型原子与光场的非共振作用隐形传送未知原子态

根据简并V型三能级原子与光场的远离共振相互作用系统的改进型有效哈密顿量 ,通过矩阵方法 ,推导出系统随时间演化的波函数 ,提出一种未知原子态的隐形传态方案。     

基于背景差的运动目标检测方法比较分析*

背景差是常用的运动目标检测方法,其基本思想是通过视频帧与背景参考图像的差分实现运动目标检测。背景差法的核心是背景模型的构造。首先介绍基于背景差的运动目标检测方法的关键步骤:预处理、背景建模、背景差分、后处理;其次介绍几种典型的单背景和多背景模型;然后利用自适应背景模型、中值滤波、卡尔曼滤波、混合高斯模型等进行运动目标检测,并从速度、存储开销、准确率等方面对这些方法进行了分析比较。实验结果表明,单背景模型具有更快的检测速度,而多背景模型的检测准确度更高。