博弈理论在消防行政处罚中的应用

探讨了消防行政处罚不当带来的弊端,建立了公安消防机构与被检查单位的火灾隐患整改博弈模型。首次提出火灾隐患不积极整改的惩罚系数概念,并给出了惩罚系数的计算公式。该公式揭示了惩罚系数与检查概率之间的关系,为公安消防机构制定惩罚系数以及安排警力检查提供了理论依据。     

球类比赛对大学生球迷竞争意识的积极影响

通过各类球赛对大学生球迷竞争意识的积极影响研究与分析,球赛对不同大学生球迷的影响具差异性。大学生球迷对竞争意识认识不足,争取优胜的信念还有待提高,对外界事物的判断、认识不够准确,参与社会活动内容贫乏,形式单一,选择性少。随着年龄和学龄的增长,在生活与实践中的竞争意识得到进一步强化。球赛本身激烈性和内容丰富性的特点,可以有效地激发和培养大学生球迷的竞争意识,同时也强化了大学生球迷的竞争意识。     

基于对偶四元数的航天器六自由度相对运动输入有界控制

利用对偶四元数的理论来分析航天器六自由度的相对运动,设计了一种考虑输入有界的姿轨一体化控制器。在介绍对偶数和对偶四元数的基础上推导六自由度相对运动的姿轨耦合模型;利用双曲正切函数绝对值小于1的特性来显式地构造有界控制器,分别设计两个相互耦合的自适应调节律来动态地改变控制器的输出,并基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论严格证明了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性;利用数学仿真实验来验证该控制器和控制力满足给定的约束条件,能够实现航天器六自由度相对运动的精确稳定控制,并且对模型参数不确定性和外界扰动具有鲁棒性。与其他方法相比,由该控制器计算得到的控制力矩器的收敛速度更快,输出的控制力矩和控制力的最大幅值更小,且消耗的能量也更少。     

Cost allocation of capacity investment games

Consider a manufacturer serving a set of retail stores each of which faces deterministic demands in a finite planning horizon. At the beginning of the planning horizon, the production capacity of the manufacturer is built, followed by production, outsourcing to third party manufacturers if necessary and distribution to the retail stores. Because the retail stores are usually managed by different managers who act as independent profit centers, it is desirable that the total cost is divided among the retail stores so that their incentives can be appropriately captured and thus efficient operations can be achieved. Under various conditions, we prove that there is a fair allocation of costs among the retail stores in the sense that no subset of retail stores subsidizes others, or equivalently, the resulting capacity investment game has a nonempty core, that is, the capacity investment game is a balanced game. In addition, our proof provides a mechanism to compute a fair cost allocation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 512–523, 2013     

基于自适应二阶终端滑模的航天器有限时间姿态机动算法

针对航天器有限时间姿态机动问题,提出一种自适应二阶终端滑模控制算法。设计一种终端滑模面,保证系统状态能够在有限时间内沿滑模面收敛到系统原点;为克服系统抖振,设计了二阶终端滑模控制器,并采用参数自适应估计项补偿系统中的外部干扰力矩。基于Lyapunov函数法证明了二阶自适应终端滑模控制器能够保证闭环系统实际有限时间稳定。仿真结果表明,提出的姿态机动算法响应速度快、精度高,能够有效实现对系统抖振和外部干扰的抑制,具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。     

航天器隔振器多目标优化方法

由于存在各种高频内部扰动,高精度航天器通常需要进行隔振设计,而被动隔振装置被广泛采用。在被动隔振装置设计中,抑制共振响应峰和隔离中高频振动存在很强的冲突性,需要进行多目标优化设计。建立了隔振系统的动力学模型,提出了以传递函数共振峰幅值和中高频衰减为目标函数的多目标优化模型;提出了基于分解的多目标进化算法对单级和两级隔振装置进行多目标优化的设计方法;对某空间隔振装置进行了数值仿真,结果验证了本文算法的有效性。     

指挥员作战决策行为的EWA学习模型分析

摘要：为在根本上提高作战决策质量,从行为学角度入手,以指挥员这一“人”为中心,并结合认知科学、心理学等知识对指挥员作战决策行为进行研究。从博弈角度出发,通过引入EWA模型,对指挥员作战决策行为进行分析和优化。结果表明,EWA模型,特别是加入“老练”指挥员后的模型能够明显改善指挥员决策行为,对指挥员,尤其是经验匮乏的指挥员决策行为表现有着重要的作用。     

Pricing bridges to cross a river

We consider a pricing problem in directed, uncapacitated networks. Tariffs must be defined by an operator, the leader, for a subset of m arcs, the tariff arcs. Costs of all other arcs in the network are assumed to be given. There are n clients, the followers, and after the tariffs have been determined, the clients route their demands independent of each other on paths with minimal total cost. The problem is to find tariffs that maximize the operator's revenue. Motivated by applications in telecommunication networks, we consider a restricted version of this problem, assuming that each client utilizes at most one of the operator's tariff arcs. The problem is equivalent to pricing bridges that clients can use in order to cross a river. We prove that this problem is APX‐hard. Moreover, we analyze the effect of uniform pricing, proving that it yields both an m approximation and a (1 + lnD)‐approximation. Here, D is upper bounded by the total demand of all clients. In addition, we consider the problem under the additional restriction that the operator must not reject any of the clients. We prove that this problem does not admit approximation algorithms with any reasonable performance guarantee, unless P = NP, and we prove the existence of an n‐approximation algorithm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

航天器交会型轨道追逃策略的滚动时域优化

针对航天器自由时域交会型轨道追逃过程中的测量误差等不确定性对交会的影响,提出了一种基于滚动时域优化的高时效策略求解方法。根据微分对策理论推导得到博弈鞍点控制策略,并对问题进行等价转换;通过预先离线求解开环鞍点策略,将问题初始状态和相应的解作为样本以进行神经网络训练,训练后的网络结构可以快速得到相应问题的近似解。为了更好地应对博弈环境中的测量噪声,基于神经网络结构设计了滚动时域求解框架,并通过周期性的滚动求解最终实现对逃逸航天器的交会。数值仿真表明,所提出的策略可以有效应对测量噪声不确定性,且相比于文献中已有的策略,计算耗时可从分钟级降至秒级。