Inventory pooling games for expensive,low‐demand spare parts

We consider several independent decision makers who stock expensive, low‐demand spare parts for their high‐tech machines. They can collaborate by full pooling of their inventories via free transshipments. We examine the stability of such pooling arrangements, and we address the issue of fairly distributing the collective holding and downtime costs over the participants, by applying concepts from cooperative game theory. We consider two settings: one where each party maintains a predetermined stocking level and one where base stock levels are optimized. For the setting with fixed stocking levels, we unravel the possibly conflicting effects of implementing a full pooling arrangement and study these effects separately to establish intuitive conditions for existence of a stable cost allocation. For the setting with optimized stocking levels, we provide a simple proportional rule that accomplishes a population monotonic allocation scheme if downtime costs are symmetric among participants. Although our whole analysis is motivated by spare parts applications, all results are also applicable to other pooled resource systems of which the steady‐state behavior is equivalent to that of an Erlang loss system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于证据理论的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价

在一般供应链性能评价指标体系的基础上,结合现代战争中军械维修器材供应链的特点,从资源、输出和柔性三个角度构建了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的指标体系.考虑到战争环境下信息的模糊性和不确定性,建立了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的证据理论模型.以某战时军械维修器材供应链为例,基于构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价指标体系和模型进行案例研究.结果表明,基于证据理论构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价模型是可行的,有效的.     

工龄更换策略下的备件库存决策研究

针对单部件系统工龄更换策略下备件需求的特点,建立了工龄更换策略与备件库存控制的联合优化模型。该模型通过分析一个订购期内工龄更换间隔期T及备件最大库存水平S对系统寿命分布的影响,建立了工龄更换间隔期、订购间隔期及最大库存水平与单位时间总费用（包括维修费用和库存费用）的关系,然后以单位时间总费用最小为目标,优化工龄更换间隔期T、订购间隔期t0及最大库存水平S。最后,基于案例,运用Matlab对模型进行数值计算,结果表明模型能有效地降低单位时间的总费用。     

基于．NET的装备保障辅助决策系统（ESADS）的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于.NET框架的异构数据库应用系统的集成方法,并设计开发了战时装备保障辅助决策系统。该方法利用XML的特点和.NET技术,将原有的应用系统数据源与系统分离,并能在各异构数据库之间快速交互数据,从而共享原有的装备管理信息,为战时装备保障决策提供数据资源。     

多品种备件联合申请的聚集效应

根据联合申请的备件品种范围的不同,提出了3种订货策略,即单独申请、统一申请和联合申请,并设计了联合申请策略的启发式算法。该算法首先确定订购最频繁的备件,将其申请周期作为基本申请周期,其他备件申请周期是该周期的整倍数;其次寻求各种备件的最优订货倍数;最后确定各种备件的订购量。数值实例表明：联合申请策略的聚集效应明显优于单独申请策略和统一申请策略,对多品种库存控制策略的研究有一定意义。     

载机军舰航空燃油分段接力式补给模型

为解决载机军舰远洋作战时所需的航空燃油按时补给问题,建立了带有自动调节系统的载机军舰航空燃油分段接力式补给的预测模型。对航空燃油分段接力式补给进行研究,采用系统动力学方法,构建影响补给船队补给效率的各元素因果回路图与存量流量图及预测模型,并以系统动力学软件Vensim PLE 5.9为平台进行建模仿真。运行结果表明,该模型在扰动条件下能进行航空燃油分段接力式补给趋势的预测,可为航空燃油分段接力式补给方案的制定提供理论依据。     

Vertically restrictive pricing in supply chains with price‐dependent demand

We examine the behavior of a manufacturer and a retailer in a decentralized supply chain under price‐dependent, stochastic demand. We model a retail fixed markup (RFM) policy, which can arise as a form of vertically restrictive pricing in a supply chain, and we examine its effect on supply chain performance. We prove the existence of the optimal pricing and replenishment policies when demand has a linear additive form and the distribution of the uncertainty component has a nondecreasing failure rate. We numerically compare the relative performance of RFM to a price‐only contract and we find that RFM results in greater profit for the supply chain than the price‐only contract in a variety of scenarios. We find that RFM can lead to Pareto‐improving solutions where both the supplier and the retailer earn more profit than under a price‐only contract. Finally, we compare RFM to a buyback contract and explore the implications of allowing the fixed markup parameter to be endogenous to the model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

相控阵天线阵面两级备件优化配置模型

针对相控阵天线阵面备件配置存在的冗余性强、批量送修、多级维修等现实问题,综合考虑备件费用、维修能力以及库存策略之间的关系,建立了基于定期补给的两级备件优化配置模型。给出了系统的故障件维修周转过程和维修备件的定期补给过程,在分析备件、库存、维修能力之间关系的基础上,结合成批到达的排队理论,建立了系统的供应可用度模型。以备件配置费用最小为目标、以系统供应可用度为约束条件,建立了系统的备件优化配置模型,并通过边际效益分析法对模型进行了求解。通过算例仿真与分析对模型进行了验证。结果表明:构建的备件配置能够较好地解决相控阵天线阵面的备件配置问题,具有一定的优越性。     

Bullwhip and reverse bullwhip effects under the rationing game

When an unreliable supplier serves multiple retailers, the retailers may compete with each other by inflating their order quantities in order to obtain their desired allocation from the supplier, a behavior known as the rationing game. We introduce capacity information sharing and a capacity reservation mechanism in the rationing game and show that a Nash equilibrium always exists. Moreover, we provide conditions guaranteeing the existence of the reverse bullwhip effect upstream, a consequence of the disruption caused by the supplier. In contrast, we also provide conditions under which the bullwhip effect does not exist. In addition, we show that a smaller unit reservation payment leads to more bullwhip and reverse bullwhip effects, while a large unit underage cost results in a more severe bullwhip effect. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 203–216, 2017     

Optimal division of inventory between depot and bases

We consider a problem of optimal division of stock between a logistic depot and several geographically dispersed bases, in a two‐echelon supply chain. The objective is to minimize the total cost of inventory shipment, taking into account direct shipments between the depot and the bases, and lateral transshipments between bases. We prove the convexity of the objective function and suggest a procedure for identifying the optimal solution. Small‐dimensional cases, as well as a limit case in which the number of bases tends to infinity, are solved analytically for arbitrary distributions of demand. For a general case, an approximation is suggested. We show that, in many practical cases, partial pooling is the best strategy, and large proportions of the inventory should be kept at the bases rather than at the depot. The analytical and numerical examples show that complete pooling is obtained only as a limit case in which the transshipment cost tends to infinity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 3–18, 2017