Morts pour la France: Demographic or Economic Factors?

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the database ‘Mémoire des hommes’, which is a record of more than 1 million French soldiers officially recognized as dead during the World War I (WWI). Integrating this source with the 1911 census, we evaluate the potential numbers of recruits by French regional department. From this, a model identifies the factors affecting the number of deaths. While demographic factors are the principal determinants, adding significant economic, political and spatial factors reduces the unexplained variance between regions and significantly improves the explanation of the disparity in the number of deaths by region.     

Asia-Pacific Demand for Military Expenditure: Spatial Panel and SUR Estimates

This article investigates the demand for military expenditure for a sample of key Asia-Pacific countries. Spatial panel demand estimates are presented for three joined spatial units using a fixed-coefficient spatial lag model based on a two-step efficient GMM estimator. Spatial autoregression estimates are next presented for 1991–2015, founded on alternative kinds of country connectivities, such as contiguity, inverse distance, discrete distance, and power-projection considerations. Finally, 11 select countries’ demands for defense equations are estimated using seemingly unrelated regressions. From alternative perspectives, these estimated models indicate how Asia-Pacific countries respond to the defense spending of other countries. In the spatial runs, free riding is prevalent despite the growing military might of China, which apparently is not generally viewed as a threat. For the sample period, the projection of Chinese or American power is a relevant spatial factor. The main threat is reflected in non-U.S. allies’ reaction to U.S. allies’ defense spending during 1991–2015 and to Chinese defense spending after 2002.     

求刚性中子动力学方程数值解的新方法

中子动力学方程是刚性方程,数值计算很费机时,为减少计算机时提出了许多算法,常用的有隐式盖分法、多步法和自动变步长法等,著名的方法有吉尔方法和埃米特方法.但这些方法的计算程序复杂且总计算时间减少不明显.消去刚性法是一个全新的算法,稳定步长可达到20 s,计算时间大大下降.     

非合作双基地雷达系统中的互相关检测与时差估计技术

介绍了非合作双基地雷达的基本几何关系与信号能量关系,讨论了利用互相关检测技术提取噪声背景中直达波与目标散射回波的时差信息的具体方法,仿真实验模拟了噪声背景中直达波与目标散射回波的互相关检测与时差估计的过程,蒙特.卡罗仿真分析了信噪比、信号脉宽和相关脉冲数对互相关时差估计性能的影响。     

二氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的性能及其瞬态传热模拟

高马赫数、新型航天飞行器承载严重的气动加热环境,其隔热材料的性能与传热计算对飞行器热防护结构的优化和预测具有一定的指导意义.研究了二氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的结构与性能,并进行了瞬态传热模拟.结果表明复合材料热导率仅为0.018W/m·K,瞬态传热模拟结果与考核测试值吻合,为预测和优化隔热材料提供了一定的依据.     

基于指数平滑法的装备维修器材需求量预测

准确地预测维修器材需求量是制定装备保障计划的重要依据.针对装备维修器材需求量预测相对不够准确的问题,通过对两种预测方法进行比较,引入了适用于准确预测的指数平滑方法,建立了基于指数平滑法的装备维修器材需求量预测模型,介绍了确定初始值的方法,并以某种维修器材需求量预测为例进行了分析,为准确预测装备维修器材需求量提供了一种较为科学合理的方法.     

邻域灰度差加权的模糊C均值聚类图像分割算法

模糊C均值(FCM)算法用于灰度图像分割是一种非监督模糊聚类后再标定的过程,适合灰度图像中存在着模糊和不确定性的特点.但是这种算法没有考虑到样本空间中不同的样本点对分类的贡献不同,因此分割效果不理想.提出了邻域灰度差加权的模糊C均值聚类算法,实验结果表明,该算法不仅取得了很好的分割效果,而且加快了算法的收敛速度,从而满足了图像分割的有效性、实时性的要求.     

火灾对埋地输油管道温度场影响的数值研究

地面发生火灾时,将对土壤、地下管道及输送的油品温度产生影响,原有的热平衡被破坏,建立新的温度场;即便在火灾被扑灭后,一段时间内土壤、管道温度会继续升高,仍有可能造成管道失效。针对此情况建立了非稳态传热模型,进行了数值模拟,并对结果进行了分析。这一模型的建立,为后续的管内输送介质温度分布的研究提供了科学的依据。     

基于GIS的战场电磁环境可视化研究

针对当前战场电磁环境不可见特征,部队指挥员对其认知的模糊性,运用地理信息系统GIS(Graphic Information System)探索战场电磁环境可视化问题。提出用空间聚类分析模型解决分析处理电磁辐射源空间分布上的一种或几种特征问题,并对系统数据库设计、功能模板设计、逻辑结构设计进行详细阐述。得到可视化系统设计方案,将为指挥员进行电磁态势分析、指挥作战提供有效的辅助决策工具。     

Competitive location and capacity decisions for firms serving time‐sensitive customers

In this article we explore how two competing firms locate and set capacities to serve time‐sensitive customers. Because customers are time‐sensitive, they may decline to place an order from either competitor if their expected waiting time is large. We develop a two‐stage game where firms set capacities and then locations, and show that three types of subgame perfect equilibria are possible: local monopoly (in which each customer is served by a single firm, but some customers may be left unserved), constrained local monopoly (in which firms serve the entire interval of customers but do not compete with each other), and constrained competition (in which firms also serve the entire interval of customers, but now compete for some customers). We perform a comparative statics analysis to illustrate differences in the equilibrium behavior of a duopolist and a coordinated monopolist. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008