Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

自然场景车标数据集的构建及其应用

车标作为车辆身份的关键特征之一,在车辆的监控与辨识中发挥着重要作用。由于自然场景复杂多变,对其中的车标进行准确识别仍具有很大的挑战性。目前公开数据库很少且存在诸多局限,导致研究缺乏可信度和实用性。本文建立了一个面向自然场景的全新数据集,包含多种采集环境下的10 324幅、67类车辆图像。基于此数据集开展应用研究,提出一个目标检测与深度学习相结合的车标识别方法,包括车标区域定位和车标种类预测两大步骤。实验表明,该方法对复杂背景有较强的适应性,在涉及30种车标的分类任务中达到89.0%的总体识别率。     

轮式车辆半主动悬架建模与仿真

通过实际采样获得路面离散高程序列,在频域内对路面高程进行分析,获得了路面功率谱密度曲线,并作为仿真路面输入。对轮式车辆悬架系统进行线性化分析,并建立了车辆二自由度1/4车主动控制模型。采用线性二次型经典最优控制理论(LQR)对模型进行控制,应用M atlab软件进行仿真分析,结果显示了控制策略的有效性及模型的准确性。     

Flexibility and complexity in periodic distribution problems

In this paper, we explore trade‐offs between operational flexibility and operational complexity in periodic distribution problems. We consider the gains from operational flexibility in terms of vehicle routing costs and customer service benefits, as well as the costs of operational complexity in terms of modeling, solution methods, and implementation challenges for drivers and customers. The period vehicle routing problem (PVRP) is a variation of the classic vehicle routing problem in which delivery routes are constructed for a period of time; the PVRP with service choice (PVRP‐SC) extends the PVRP to allow service (visit) frequency to become a decision of the model. For the periodic distribution problems represented by PVRP and PVRP‐SC, we introduce operational flexibility levers and a set of quantitative measures to evaluate the trade‐offs between flexibility and complexity. We develop a Tabu Search heuristic to incorporate a range of operational flexibility options. We analyze the potential value and the increased operational complexity of the flexibility levers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

基于乘波构形的跨大气层飞行器气动布局

利用乘波构形具有升阻比大的特点,将其作为滑翔跳跃式跨大气层飞行器的基准外形进行研究,提出了乘波构形的设计方法,详细分析了各设计参数对乘波构形的影响,研究了不同马赫数、不同优化目标下得到的乘波体的性能,得到了升阻比大、容积效率高的跨大气层飞行器气动布局,所得结论对跨大气层飞行器气动布局和乘波体外形的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于LabVIEW的变速箱状态检测系统

采用门限关联度理论进行变速箱状态检测,并构建了以虚拟仪器为核心的变速箱状态采集系统,建立了表征变速箱状态的特征参量和正常故障判定准则,采用LabVIEW开发了检测与故障判定软件系统。     

粒子群优化算法在无人机设计中的应用

介绍了基本粒子群优化算法的思想、步骤,针对其有时会出现粒子在最优解附近“振荡”的现象,使用加入惯性权重因子的复合粒子群优化算法来对无人机(UAV)进行优化设计。最后以意大利研制成功的喷气无人机(米拉奇-100)为例对该算法进行了验算和仿真。由结果可知,该机的实际起飞重量与优化结果十分相似,证明了优化计算的可行性和高精度。     

基于虚拟试验环境下履带车辆滚动阻力系数的测试

通过建立履带车辆道路滚动阻力系数测试虚拟样机模型,在虚拟试验环境下测量了典型路面条件下的滚动阻力系数,研究了车辆行驶速度、履刺高度等因素对滚动阻力系数的影响.通过虚拟测试试验结果和实际测量结果的对比分析,验证了虚拟试验方法在道路滚动阻力系数测试中的可行性.     

无人机的电子战运用及对未来电子战的影响

在“零伤亡”作战思想的指引下,随着计算机、人工智能等技术的日臻成熟,无人机的发展风起云涌。近年来,无人机在战术运用方面更是突破了传统的侦察领域,逐步涉足攻击甚至电子攻击等领域。通过回顾无人机在近代历次军事冲突中的运用,分析无人机运用于电子战的优势,探讨无人机在电子战中的运用及可能的运用情况,最后指出无人机运用于电子战后对未来电子战的影响。     

三组元推进系统热力性能研究

随着下一代可重复使用飞行器，特别是单级入轨飞行器的研究，很多新技术都得到发展，三组元混合燃烧技术就是其中之一。本文中通过进行热力计算来对比、讨论三组元发动机与两组元发动机在理论比冲上的差异，分析三组元发动机的可行性。