The structure of the defense industry and the security needs of the country: a differentiated products model

This paper models the interactions between the defense needs of the USA and Western Europe, which produce several heterogeneous defense goods, and the defense industry market structure. The results show that net defense costs of the USA and Europe are lower when the number of defense firms in each arms‐producing country is small and when the world prices of the defense goods are high. The model predicts that the increase in world prices will crowd‐out countries in the developing world from the market for modern weapon systems and may force them to develop and use ‘cheap and dirty’ weapon systems.     

How old is too old? An economic approach to replacing military aircraft

The US Air Force is asking when to replace its aging aircraft. We develop a framework to identify economically optimal replacement strategies that recognizes cost trade-offs and incorporates age effects. We also preview a stochastic methodology. We use the framework to identify an optimal strategy, defined by the replacement age, for a generic fleet and conduct a sensitivity analysis. Quantitative illustrations show that the range of strategies that provides close-to-optimal outcomes widens as the operating and support (O&S) cost growth rate decreases and the ratio of the acquisition price to the initial O&S cost increases. A wider range implies more decision-making leeway.     

Estimating defence budget saving from disarmament: the United States’ case

Probing the technology in the production of US national defence by using a dynamic cost‐function model with adjustment costs, this paper evaluates the effect of reducing the level of national defence on the defence budget saving. Our inquiry involves estimating the defence production structure without output data for non‐market goods that are normally unavailable. Our findings include: (i) the United States behaves rationally to minimize cost in the production of national defence; (ii) the adjustment costs are larger in disarmament than in military build‐up; (iii) due to the adjustment costs peculiar to disarmament, the defence budget saving from disarmament appears small, but cutbacks allow great savings on the defence budget.     

预防性维修工作组合优化

针对单部件的维修间隔期无法反映系统的维修最佳间隔期这一问题,对装备各部件在各修理级别上的预防性维修任务组合情况进行探索。通过建立费用模型、可用度和风险模型作为决策模型,用以组合某一修理级别各部件的维修工作,得出系统预防性维修间隔期,并结合部队实际优化从系统的角度优化等级维修中的维修工作间隔期,为确定大中小修工作提供科学、合理的理论指导。该算法在区分各修理级别的维修能力的基础上,能较好地对各修理级别的维修工作组合情况进行了优化,实例验证了模型的实用性和有效性。     

有源干扰条件下基于NSGA-II的雷达网优化部署方法

雷达网的部署状态直接影响着网络的覆盖能力,尤其是在雷达辐射轨迹受到外力干扰条件下,对网络节点的优化部署更具意义。雷达对部署的任务区域有一定的能量覆盖,不同的任务区也具有不同的重要级别,在不针对特定任务的前提下,实现全方位全纵深的预警能力,雷达网的部署起着至关重要的作用。本文根据覆盖系数和重叠系数为主要优化目标,基于NSGA-II算法进行多目标优化。文章首先定义了覆盖系数和全局重叠系数两个指标,尤其是全局重叠系数打破了以往重叠系数的概念,从全局出发引导雷达网优化部署;同时,提出基于NSGA-II的多目标优化部署算法,采用诱导跳跃、基因到位、诱导交叉等候选解生成方式,保持种群多样性,提高算法收敛性。实验表明,部署优化算法耗时较低,不同干扰源部署态势使网络节点部署产生较大差异,多样的候选解生成方法明显提高了算法的收敛速度。     

自由曲面的立体视觉测量与加工一体化研究

对自由曲面的立体现觉测量与加工一体化技术中的图像匹配、曲面造型以及接口设计等问题进行了分析与讨论,并提出了切实可行的解决办法。     

高功率微波车辆迫停的效应机理分析

通过分析车辆电子控制单元输出的点火开关和燃油喷射信号波形在高功率微波辐射条件下的演变过程,阐明了高功率微波致使车辆发动机熄火的原因。研究结果表明,电子控制单元受到微波辐射扰乱后,点火开关信号发生意外丢失,燃油喷射信号脉冲重复周期迅速缩短,造成发动机气缸内喷入过量燃油,火花塞无法点燃油气混合物,迫使发动机转速下降甚至熄火。通过分析车辆发动机的点火系统工作原理,提出了根据监测车体辐射电磁信号获取车辆易受攻击的敏感频段的试验思路。     

基于改进遗传算法的平流层飞艇定点悬停控制(英文)

平流层飞艇定点悬停控制是飞艇应用领域的关键技术。该控制问题可以转化为非线性多目标优化问题来求解。遗传算法是解决现代非线性多目标优化问题的一种重要方法。但是基本遗传算法在解决定点悬停飞艇实际控制问题时,具有易陷入局部最优解、在遗传进化过程中随机性较强、搜索效率低下及耗时多等缺陷。通过借鉴并行遗传算法、模拟退火算法和向量评价遗传算法的基本思想,在基本遗传操作中添加切断算子和拼接算子,设计一种改进遗传算法来改善上述缺陷。仿真结果表明该方法是有效可行的。     

一类随机差分方程的解序列的最优停止规则

设报酬序列{x_(?),(?),n≥0}满足随机差分方程x_(n+1)=x_n+a_n+b_nε_(n+1)(ε_1,ε_2,…为白噪声序列)。本文讨论了用有限情形{x_n,0≤n≤N}的Snell包逼近无限情形{x_n,n≥0)的Snell包的条件,得到了x_n=E(x_n|(?))((?)=σ{ε_0,ε_1,…,ε_n},ε_0=0)的Snell包r_n的分解形式和最优停时存在的条件。最后讨论了最优停止规则的迭代计算法,并得出了迭代过程在有限步停止的充分条件。     

提高理工科学生听力水平的探讨

本文紧紧围绕目前理工科学生实际听力水平状况,详细分析了影响理工科学生听力水平提高的两大制约因素,即语言因素和心理因素;讨论了语言教师针对这两大因素如何加强听力教学;最后根据全国四、六级英语统考题型,提出了听力测试中的有关技巧。