分层教学法在消防院校英语教学中的运用——以昆明消防指挥学校为例

由于生源的特殊性,消防院校学员英语水平差异明显,给英语教学带来了很大挑战.为提升英语教学的有效性及实用性,以适应消防部队建设发展对优秀消防指挥人才的需求,结合学员的实际情况,对英语课程进行了分层教学模式改革.基于英语课程分层教学模式改革的实践经验,对英语分层教学模式的实施,分层教学的有效性及存在的问题进行了探讨.     

EDITOR'S NOTE

This article offers a survey of risks that might arise for strategic stability (defined as a situation with a low probability of major-power war) with the reduction of US and Russian nuclear arsenals to “low numbers” (defined as 1,000 or fewer nuclear weapons on each side). These risks might include US anti-cities targeting strategies that are harmful to the credibility of extended deterrence; renewed European anxiety about a US-Russian condominium; greater vulnerability to Russian noncompliance with agreed obligations; incentives to adopt destabilizing “launch-on-warning” strategies; a potential stimulus to nuclear proliferation; perceptions of a US disengagement from extended deterrence; increased likelihood of non-nuclear arms competitions and conflicts; and controversial pressures on the UK and French nuclear forces. Observers in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) states who consider such risks significant have cited four possible measures that might help to contain them: sustained basing of US nonstrategic nuclear weapons in Europe; maintaining a balanced US strategic nuclear force posture; high-readiness means to reconstitute US nuclear forces; and enhanced US and allied non-nuclear military capabilities. These concrete measures might complement the consultations with the NATO allies that the United States would in all likelihood seek with respect to such important adjustments in its deterrence and defense posture.     

US Advanced Conventional Systems and Conventional Prompt Global Strike Ambitions:

ABSTRACT

The dangers and risks of employing a Conventional Prompt Global Strike (CPGS) capability greatly exceed the benefits. More suitable, if less prompt, alternatives exist to deal with fleeting targets. Even a niche CPGS capability—consisting of approximately twenty systems—carries risks, to say nothing of proposals to develop hundreds or more. Most dangerously, CPGS could stir the pre-emption pot, particularly vis-à-vis states that correctly perceive to be within the gunsights of US CPGS weapons; other states, too, may feel emboldened to emulate this US precedent and undertake their own form of prompt, long-range strike capability. Compressed circumstances surrounding such a scenario could foster unwanted erratic behavior, including the misperception that the threatening missile carries a nuclear weapon. But the true Achilles's heel of the CPGS concept is the unprecedented demands it places on the intelligence community to provide decision makers with “exquisite” intelligence within an hour timeframe. Such compressed conditions leave decision makers with virtually no time to appraise the direct—and potentially unintended—consequences of their actions.     

At war with social theory: Instrumental and communicative action in US military doctrine during the War on Terror

As US counterinsurgency campaigns draw to a close, doctrine for asymmetric warfare written during the War on Terror has come under heavy criticism. While many have argued that this shift to ‘winning hearts and minds’ is evidence that the United States is taking humanitarianism and nation-building seriously, others argue that a wide gap exists between US counterinsurgency doctrine and the protection of civilians afflicted by conflict. In this article, I show that the latter is true by comparing theories of instrumental and communicative action to US doctrine for operational design, stability operations, and counterinsurgency. I argue that these texts treat the people as an object to be manipulated for the achievement of pre-determined self-interested strategic goals rather than members of a community that jointly designs operations to fulfill shared objectives. However, US doctrine does contain communicative elements that, if prioritized, would better support humanitarian and state-building objectives otherwise subordinated in the War on Terror.     

Riccati传递矩阵法在潜艇结构强度和稳定性分析中的应用

运用Riccati传递矩阵方法,建立了旋转壳单元的场传递矩阵,推导了肋骨和母线倾角不连续位置的点传递矩阵,在推导中考虑了肋骨各方向可能的变形,编制了用于分析组合加肋旋转壳应力和稳定性的计算机程序(应力程序SAPRi,稳定性程序BAPRi)。利用SAPRi程序和BAPRi程序对潜艇耐压结构的典型结构算例进行了应力和稳定性分析,并将计算结果与理论结果或商用软件(MSC/NASTRAN)的计算结果进行比较,表明该程序结果正确可信,计算速度快,适合于工程应用。     

On the first come–first served rule in multi‐echelon inventory control

A two‐echelon distribution inventory system with a central warehouse and a number of retailers is considered. The retailers face stochastic demand and replenish from the warehouse, which, in turn, replenishes from an outside supplier. The system is reviewed continuously and demands that cannot be met directly are backordered. Standard holding and backorder costs are considered. In the literature on multi‐echelon inventory control it is standard to assume that backorders at the warehouse are served according to a first come–first served policy (FCFS). This allocation rule simplifies the analysis but is normally not optimal. It is shown that the FCFS rule can, in the worst case, lead to an asymptotically unbounded relative cost increase as the number of retailers approaches infinity. We also provide a new heuristic that will always give a reduction of the expected costs. A numerical study indicates that the average cost reduction when using the heuristic is about two percent. The suggested heuristic is also compared with two existing heuristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

用科学发展观指导部队基层建设的实践与思考

从科学发展观的基本内涵出发,针对基层部队建设中存在的普遍问题,从全面建设、统筹规划、保持创新三个方面进行了论证,回答了科学发展观是指导部队基层建设的灵魂这个重大问题。     

基于HLA和仿真网格的空间预警系统建模/仿真

采用面向对象的方法对弹道导弹防御系统的重要组成部分——空间预警系统进行分析、建模,在基于HLA和仿真网格的支撑环境中,建立其仿真系统,根据实体和局域网间耦合程度需要,采用不同的网络通讯机制,并联接相应的计算机生成兵力系统。系统可分析空间预警系统的原理、配置方案,进行弹道导弹探测与参数估计,战场态势多维信息显示。     

喷雾式防火分隔水幕稳定性仿真

以单个喷雾式水幕喷头为研究对象,利用 Fluent 中离散相模型对不同压力下的喷雾水幕的工作稳定性进行了研究,计算了不同工作压力下水雾粒子的粒径分布和在气流作用下的偏移情况,分析了不同粒径粒子的速度衰减特性。研究表明：环境气流对水幕的稳定性影响很大,特别是粒径在200μm 以下的水雾粒子极容易受气流影响。在一定空间高度下,提高工作压力,可以使喷雾平均粒径变小,使之分布更均匀,有利于提高水幕的隔热性能;当空间高度超过一定范围后,水雾粒子速度急剧下降,增加工作压力水幕稳定性会降低。