Reforming the bras tendus? The Congolese National Police reforms, 2003–2016

The security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.     

The subversion of the Bulgarian defence system – the Russian way

Russia has long been pursuing an intended and calculated policy of keeping enough influence in Bulgaria in order to have control over national decisions. Together with the economic, energy, political and information tools used by Russia in its hybrid war against Bulgaria and in its bid to achieve an enduring “state capture,” defence is also a distinct target of Russian subversion now. A list of noticeable subversive actions with tangible effects can be summarised, ranging from fuelling division and manipulating public opinion, preventing the strengthening of the NATO position in the Black Sea, sabotaging defence reform to various options of subverting the modernisation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces and seeking new ways to keep legacy Soviet military equipment in operation as long as possible. This issue must be urgently addressed both nationally and in NATO.     

基于蓝牙的心音、呼吸音无线电子听诊监护系统

通过分析传统心音、呼吸音听诊系统存在的问题,尤其是SARS出现后引发的问题,提出了针对传染性病人的基于蓝牙技术的无线心音、呼吸音听诊监护系统。采用蓝牙无线技术和数据分析处理技术,系统有效地避免医患间的交叉感染,适用于传染病人的诊断和监护。     

一种树形评估指标体系的建立方法

针对目前系统综合评估实践中建立树形指标体系仅依靠专家知识,缺乏理论上较为完备、使用时简单易行方法的现状,以能提供良好层次结构指标体系的ISM法为基础,利用简单的"复制-分配"思想,将同时对多个上级元素起作用的下级元素进行复制,将复制副本归入相应的上一级元素之下,通过该方法将ISM法生成的网状指标体系变成树形指标体系.同时还引入了灵敏度分析,灵敏度大的元素应获得评估者的更多关注.     

空天防御效能指标及其标准值的确定方法

空天领域的对抗决定了未来军事行动的进程和战争的胜败,空天威胁也已经成为各国国家军事安全的主要威胁.军事强国的全球打击系统、快速打击系统和弹道导弹的迅猛发展使得未来空天防御作战环境越来越复杂,也对空天防御作战提出了更高要求.空天防御是信息化空天时代的主要作战样式之一,是维护国家安全的重要屏障.本文提出了空天防御的充分性准...     

一个具有相互独立、不同分布服务时间序列的排队模型

讨论的排队模型 ,放宽了GI/G/1系统中“服务时间独立同分布”的限制 ,只要求各服务时间相互独立 ,因而较GI/G/1排队模型能更合理地拟合实际问题 .在此较宽的条件下 ,利用补充变量的方法 ,求得了该排队系统队长的瞬时分布     

氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的综合相变增韧作用

采用综合相变准则和应变能释放率判据对氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的增韧结果进行了理论计算。分别给出了静止裂纹和定常扩展裂纹相变增韧的理论表达式。结果表明:综合相变对静止裂纹有微小的负屏蔽效应,对扩展裂纹的增初结果与材料的剪切模量、相变尾区高度和相变体积分数成正比,并且增韧值随着K_Ⅲ/K_Ⅱ比值的增大而减小,表明相变对Ⅱ型裂纹的增韧效果相对Ⅲ型裂纹更显著。     

江苏省小康社会消防安全指标体系编制研究

《江苏省小康社会消防安全指标体系》将小康社会的消防安全作为一个整体系统来处理,内设公共消防安全保障、社会火灾防范水平、灭火救援应急能力、公众消防安全素质等4个子系统,每个子系统都分别由多元参量组成,并按照预定的指导思想,分别筛选具有表征作用的指标,最终构建起4大类16项22条的指标体系。该体系与“政府统一领导、部门依法监管、单位全面负责、公民积极参与”的消防工作新格局紧密呼应,并通过指标综合指数反映受评价城市消防工作与当地经济社会发展的适应程度。     

基于灰色聚类和模糊综合评判的装备——装备群健康状态评估

针对目前装备健康状态评估存在的问题,建立了一个基于灰色聚类和模糊综合评判的“装备-装备群”两级评估模型。该模型利用灰色聚类法来评估单个装备的健康状态,将得到的单个装备健康状态的聚类系数向量作为模糊综合评判的隶属度向量,利用模糊综合评判技术来评估装备群的整体健康状态。详细论述了评估模型建立的关键问题：健康状态的分级、评估指标、白化权函数以及权重的确定。最后通过实例分析表明,该模型评估结果合理,可操作性强。     

装备设计中的再制造性指标预计方法

再制造性设计是装备再制造工程的重要组成部分,是实现退役装备易于再制造的可靠保证,再制造性指标预计是再制造性设计的重要内容。探讨了再制造性指标预计的相关概念及其再制造性指标预计程序,并综合提出了几种可行的再制造性指标预计方法,可为装备的再制造性设计提供技术支撑。