希尔伯特-黄变换在脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别中的应用

针对传统方法无法有效识别不同尺寸细小裂纹所产生的脉冲涡流信号,提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换的脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别算法。对脉冲涡流信号进行集成经验模态分解并通过归一化自相关函数及其方差特性分选出含有噪声的本征模态函数;对含噪声的本征模态函数进行阈值消噪并与未做处理的本征模态函数重构成无噪声信号;对无噪声信号进行希尔伯特-黄变换并计算出希尔伯特边际谱;根据希尔伯特边际谱的差异识别出不同细小尺寸的表面与下表面裂纹。实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性,经过集成经验模态分解消噪,消除了噪声对脉冲涡流信号的干扰;而基于希尔伯特-黄变换的方法则能够有效识别出不同尺寸的裂纹。     

Reforming the bras tendus? The Congolese National Police reforms, 2003–2016

The security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.     

The subversion of the Bulgarian defence system – the Russian way

Russia has long been pursuing an intended and calculated policy of keeping enough influence in Bulgaria in order to have control over national decisions. Together with the economic, energy, political and information tools used by Russia in its hybrid war against Bulgaria and in its bid to achieve an enduring “state capture,” defence is also a distinct target of Russian subversion now. A list of noticeable subversive actions with tangible effects can be summarised, ranging from fuelling division and manipulating public opinion, preventing the strengthening of the NATO position in the Black Sea, sabotaging defence reform to various options of subverting the modernisation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces and seeking new ways to keep legacy Soviet military equipment in operation as long as possible. This issue must be urgently addressed both nationally and in NATO.     

小波变换在零件边缘检测中的应用

目前对机械零件的尺寸、口径等参数的测量大多采用接触测量,而利用零件图像的边缘信息进行非接触测量,则是一种新的更好的检测方式。用此方法可以对机械零件图像的边缘进行精确的检测,再根据相应的数学关系得到相关参数的值,不但可以提高零件检测的精度,还可以大大节省人力和物力。模拟边缘检测技术的具体过程,依次采用最佳阈值迭代算法、小波变换模极大值法、边缘连接局部处理法对零件图像边缘信息进行边缘检测和提取,并对检测过程进行了重点分述。最后,通过一个具体实验,验证了小波技术与其他技术结合使用所获得的良好效果,从而进一步显示了小波变换在边缘检测技术中应用的巨大潜力。     

基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法

对于空间目标识别这个具有挑战性的研究课题,提出了基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法。该算法首先对空间目标的ISAR像进行二维小波变换,然后从近似分量和细节分量中提取奇异值特征,最后应用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络进行分类识别。计算机仿真实验表明,该算法取得了比较好的识别效果。     

基于小波域隐Markov模型的SAR图像滤波方法

在小波域隐Markov模型(HMM)的基础上提出一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的滤波方法。首先根据小波变换的内在特征,建立小波域的隐Markov树(HMT)模型,通过EM算法可以获得该HMT模型的参数估计。然后根据SAR图像的统计性质,将SAR图像的乘法斑点杂噪声在局部范围内近似为加性白高斯噪声,通过最小均方差(MMSE)估计可以获得信号的小波变换值。通过对真实SAR图像的应用,结果说明该方法可以在保存图像细节特征的情况下有效地抑制图像的噪声。     

一个具有相互独立、不同分布服务时间序列的排队模型

讨论的排队模型 ,放宽了GI/G/1系统中“服务时间独立同分布”的限制 ,只要求各服务时间相互独立 ,因而较GI/G/1排队模型能更合理地拟合实际问题 .在此较宽的条件下 ,利用补充变量的方法 ,求得了该排队系统队长的瞬时分布     

像素级图像融合方法分类与比较

图像融合的目的是将同一场景的多幅图像的互补信息合并成一幅新图像 ,以便更好地对场景进行监视和侦察。介绍了像素级图像融合的几种方法 ,按空间域和变换域对各种方法进行了分类 ,并对各种方法进行了比较。重点评述了小波用于图像融合的优点     

HOUGH变换与航迹关联

在雷达情报自动化处理过程中 ,无论是集中方式还是分布处理方式 ,都要进行航迹关联 ,即要识别哪些航迹源于同一目标。利用 HOUGH变换方法 ,将航迹映射到参数空间进行聚类 ,从而达到航迹自动综合的目的。仿真实验表明 ,这种方法是行之有效的。