微波反馈调制型虚阴极振荡器的粒子模拟

用三维全电磁PIC方法对一种利用反馈微波信号调制入射电子束的新型虚阴极振荡器进行了粒子模拟研究。在外加450kV电压的自洽发射状态下,得到的微波峰值输出功率可达数百兆瓦,微波主频位于C波段,瞬时峰值效率≥5％,主模式为TE10模,与试验结果符合较好。     

世界一流航天发射中心发展对策探究

“发展航天事业,建设航天强国是我们不懈追求的航天梦” ,建设实力雄厚、现代化、技术一流的航天发射中心,不断推进航天强国战略发展步伐。本文辨析了世界一流航天发射中心的概念和所具备的特征,并从先天优势、发展实力、组织管理等方面分析了航天发射中心发展的内在要求,提出了现役航天发射中心转型发展对策,为航天强国建设提供理论支撑。     

An integral equation for the second moment function of a geometric process and its numerical solution

In this article, an integral equation satisfied by the second moment function M₂(t) of a geometric process is obtained. The numerical method based on the trapezoidal integration rule proposed by Tang and Lam for the geometric function M(t) is adapted to solve this integral equation. To illustrate the numerical method, the first interarrival time is assumed to be one of four common lifetime distributions, namely, exponential, gamma, Weibull, and lognormal. In addition to this method, a power series expansion is derived using the integral equation for the second moment function M₂(t), when the first interarrival time has an exponential distribution.     

Identifying the challenges to defence reform in Central and Eastern Europe: observations from the field

The authors have over 50 years' experience of working on defence in Central and Eastern Europe. They have been intimately involved in trying to reform over 10 national defence organisations including Ukraine. During this work, they often faced intractable resistance and scepticism or conversely, apparent unbounded support, but following this, a complete lack of any actual implementation work by officials. This paper addresses some of the findings and observations identified by the authors that appear to cause these responses and the consequent failure of reform. A new research approach has been taken by using the business and culture tools from Schein, Hofstede and Kotter to try and unravel the underlying causality of that failure. The second part of the paper produces a new process for change based upon the research conclusions to help other advisers and consultants working on reform in the post communist defence arena.     

厨房自动灭火装置有关问题探讨

厨房烹饪设备火灾绝大多数是由于操作不当,引起食用油着火失去控制所致。由于食用油的闪点和自燃．最温度均较高,一旦发生火灾,扑救困难,而且表面火焰熄灭后易发生复燃。通过对食用油的火灾特点分析,并结合ZCQ型厨房灭火装置的组成、工作原理,提出在厨房内设置安装自动灭火装置应注意的问题。     

基于μC／OS-Ⅱ和ARM的嵌入式系统功耗管理

为开发低功耗嵌入式系统和节约能源,分析了嵌入式系统的功耗来源及分类,提出了嵌入式系统的功耗设计方法,包括总体功耗设计、处理器选择、接口电路设计、电源供给电路设计以及动态电源管理等。基于以上方法,以μC／OS-Ⅱ和ARM LPC2131为研究平台,对上述功耗设计方法进行了实验验证。结果表明,采用合适的功耗设计,将大大降低嵌入式系统的功耗。     

4电平S类数字功放的电平合成策略

通过增加量化电平,Delta-Sigma调制器输出序列能够获得更好的调制性能。但在S类数字功放中,受限于开关功放的实现结构,多电平Delta-Sigma调制器输出脉冲序列无法直接驱动开关功放,需采用由多个开关功放单元构成的多电平开关功放。针对2比特Delta-Sigma调制器输出序列,分析了电平合成策略对4电平S类数字功放性能的影响,提出了两种优化的电平合成策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,采用合适的电平合成策略,4电平S类数字功放可以获得更优的输出性能,尤其在输出功率回退状态下,电平合成策略对功放性能的影响更为显著。     

舰船中央冷却系统多智能体自治控制

面向下一代舰船电力推进装置的分布式冷却需求,针对复杂情况下系统自重构与自愈控制问题,提出以某型中央冷却系统为控制对象的多智能体自治控制体系。设计各类智能体的个体结构和多智能体的分布式结构,采用智能体联盟和熟人机制对合同网协作模型进行改进,并优化自动任务分配和故障恢复过程中的多智能体协作流程。在此基础上,设计中央冷却系统原理性装置,建立以多智能体控制系统为核心的自治控制试验研究平台,对控制系统效能进行分析验证。试验结果表明：所设计的多智能体自治控制体系能够自主地完成系统动态重构和故障恢复控制,使电力推进装置中央冷却系统具备自重构和自愈的能力。     

A nuclear-armed North Korea without ICBMs: the best achievable objective

This article analyzes the North Korean nuclear crisis from a balance-of-power perspective. It is in the long-term interests of international peace for a secure and independent North Korea to serve as a buffer between US and Chinese ground forces. However, the conventional military advantage of the South Korean-American alliance over North Korea has grown drastically since the end of the Cold War, threatening North Korea’s survival. Since North Korea lacks any reliable ally, nuclear weapons represent its most cost-effective way to restore a balance of power and thus secure itself. Accepting security guarantees in exchange for its nuclear arsenal is rhetorically appealing but not a viable approach. North Korea’s development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), however, has overcompensated for the post-Cold War imbalance, inviting talk in Washington of waging a preventive war. Persuading North Korea to give up its ICBM capability, not its nuclear arsenal, should therefore be the primary objective of US diplomacy.     

引入电流变化率的电源分布网络最差噪声分析算法

随着时钟频率的增加以及电源电压的降低,电源完整性问题日益凸显。将电流变化率加入到最差噪声算法的电流约束中,能够在任意电流变化率的情况下分析电源分布网络的最差噪声,从而获得更加真实的最差噪声。另外,利用改进的Knuth-Yao四边形不等式法对基于动态规划的最差噪声算法进行加速,加速后算法的时间复杂度从O(n~2m)降为O(mnlogn)。