921A钢在海水中腐蚀的力学化学效应

为了研究弹性应力和弹塑性应变对921A船体钢在模拟海水中腐蚀行为的影响,采用自制的载荷-电化学实验装置对921A钢在载荷与腐蚀介质协同作用时的开路电位、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学性能进行了测试,并由电化学阻抗谱拟合得到的电荷传递电阻定义载荷下的腐蚀速率修正因子,将实验得到的腐蚀速率修正因子与理论值进行了对比。结果表明:弹性拉应力与弹性压应力对力学化学效应的影响具有对称性。力学化学效应随着弹性应力的增大而增大,随着弹塑性应变的增大先增大后减小。弹塑性应变对力学化学效应的影响远远大于弹性应力的影响。在研究范围内,弹塑性应变引起的腐蚀电位负移量最大为62.6 mV,相应的腐蚀速率修正因子高达4.113,而弹性应力引起的腐蚀电位负移量最大为24.5 mV,相应的腐蚀速率修正因子为1.746。由此可见,应力应变对921A钢在海水中腐蚀行为的影响不容忽视。     

Formation and characterization of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite prepared by spray-drying technique

The core-shell 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (CL-20/TNT) composite was prepared by spray-drying method in which sensitive high energy explosive (CL-20) was coated with insensitive explosive (TNT). The structure and properties of different formulations of CL-20/TNT composite and CL-20/TNT mixture were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Laser particle size analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity test and detonation performance. The results of SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD show that ϵ-CL-20 particles are coated by TNT. When the ratio of CL-20/TNT is 75/25, core-shell structure is well formed, and thickness of the shell is about 20–30 nm. And the analysis of heat and impact show that with the increase of TNT content, the TNT coating on the core-shell composite material can not only catalyze the thermal decomposition of core material (CL-20), but also greatly reduce the impact sensitivity. Compared with the CL-20/TNT mixture (75/25) at the same ratio, the characteristic drop height of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite (75/25) increased by 47.6% and the TNT coating can accelerate the nuclear decomposition in the CL-20/TNT composites. Therefore, the preparation of the core-shell composites can be regarded as a unique means, by which the composites are characterized by controllable decomposition rate, high energy and excellent mechanical sensitivity and could be applied to propellants and other fields.     

Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

几种防锈液对T52钢在酸性介质中耐蚀性的影响

研究了几种防锈液对T52(10Ti热)钢在Ph=5.0酸性水溶液中耐蚀性能的影响.用线性极化和交流阻抗法对这些防锈液的耐蚀性能进行了综合评估,试验结果表明:亚硝酸钠类、含氨基和羧基的有机化合物类两种防锈液的耐蚀性能较好;并用动电位扫描法对上述防锈液的作用机理进行了初步探讨,试验表明:上述防锈液主要是抑制电极的阳极过程.     

小波理论在大型空间智能结构振动控制中的应用

采用最优控制理论设计智能结构主动振动控制器,针对大型空间智能结构的低频和密频的特性,基于小波尺度函数变换,设计了智能结构的传感器、致动器;最后通过针对某大型空间智能桁架结构的仿真,表明该控制方法是行之有效的。     

非线性控制在磁悬浮系统中的应用

用滑模变结构控制原理设计磁悬浮系统非线性控制器，并在磁悬浮球装置上进行了试验，结果证实这种控制器具有完全的鲁棒性、良好的参数适应性，设计方法也有广泛的适用性。悬浮系统的刚度有显著的提高。     

“9·11”世贸大楼坍塌原因数值分析

数值分析表明,"9·11"恐怖袭击事件造成纽约世贸大楼的内部竖向承重钢结构的防火保护层在爆炸中严重脱落,火灾高温使钢材强度大幅度降低,导致着火层群柱失稳,上部巨大的冲击荷载把下层柱逐层压渍,引发连续坍塌.最后对超高层建筑的结构设计提出建议.     

金属泡沫复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应实验

金属泡沫夹芯结构是近年来新出现的一种明显具有结构和功能一体化特点的新型轻质材料,它在临近空间飞行器、航海及汽车等领域有着广阔的应用前景。以以纤维增强复合材料面板、闭孔泡沫铝芯子为特征的复合材料夹芯结构为研究对象,对其在球形压头作用下的压痕响应、损伤模式、变形机制和失效机理进行理论分析和实验研究。研究发现,泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应是夹芯结构的各个组成部分的响应、相互作用以及压头属性的综合作用结果。泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构在球压头作用下的损伤模式为基体开裂、纤维断裂、层间分层、泡沫铝的屈服及剪切断裂五种失效模式。     

美军陆战场空域管理体系研究

陆战场空域已经成为一种重要的作战资源,对其进行科学高效的管理十分必要。分析了陆战场空域管理的特点,总结了陆战场空域管理的职能,从条令条例建设、空域管制方法和指挥体系结构等方面对美军陆战场空域管理进行了研究。     

扭转约束对无防火保护钢柱抗火性能影响分析

应用ANSYS软件计算了钢柱在标准升温模式下的温度场,然后利用ANSYS的耦合分析模块,将温度场导入结构分析,分析了不同约束下轴心受压钢柱在温度升高时的力学反应,同时考虑了荷载比以及长细比对不同约束钢柱抗火性能的影响.研究表明:扭转约束钢柱的抗火性能要优于柱端没有扭转约束的简支柱;当钢柱长细比系数在30以内时,扭转约束...