空间碎片碰撞风险评估模型及其应用

以现有的空间碎片环境模型为基础,建立了一套空间碎片风险评估模型。该模型包括空间碎片环境、航天器有限元建模、几何遮挡处理以及碰撞概率计算四个模块。为了验证风险评估模型的精度及有效性,针对机构间空间碎片协调委员会指定的三种标准工况,将该计算结果与国内外已有的风险评估模型的计算结果进行比较,验证了风险评估模型的正确性。利用开发的风险评估模型,对立方体航天器遭遇空间碎片碰撞风险进行仿真评估与分析,给出了轨道高度、倾角以及航天器自身的姿态参数对航天器遭遇空间碎片碰撞风险的影响特性。     

Augmented nested sampling for stochastic programs with recourse and endogenous uncertainty

We propose a novel simulation‐based approach for solving two‐stage stochastic programs with recourse and endogenous (decision dependent) uncertainty. The proposed augmented nested sampling approach recasts the stochastic optimization problem as a simulation problem by treating the decision variables as random. The optimal decision is obtained via the mode of the augmented probability model. We illustrate our methodology on a newsvendor problem with stock‐dependent uncertain demand both in single and multi‐item (news‐stand) cases. We provide performance comparisons with Markov chain Monte Carlo and traditional Monte Carlo simulation‐based optimization schemes. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.     

Satellite constellation design for forest fire monitoring via a stochastic programing approach

There is significant value in the data collected by satellites during and after a natural disaster. The current operating paradigm in practice is for satellites to passively collect data when they happen to fly over a disaster location. Conversely, this article considers the alternative approach of actively maneuvering satellites to fly directly overhead of the disaster site on a routine basis. Toward this end, we seek to compute a satellite constellation design that minimizes the expected maneuver costs for monitoring an unknown forest fire. In this article, we present a 2‐stage stochastic programing model for this problem as well as a accelerated L‐shaped decomposition approach. A comparison between our approach and the current operating paradigm indicates that our solution provides longer duration data collections and a greater number of data collections. Analysis also shows that our proposed solution is robust over a wide array of scenarios.     

基于主动相位控制的脉冲激光相干合成技术

提出并验证了基于随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法的主动相位控制脉冲激光相干合成方案.利用低通滤波器滤除脉冲激光光强变化导致的性能评价函数起伏,提取出相位噪声导致的性能评价函数变化,然后将这个低通滤波后的性能评价函数用于SPGD算法的极值寻优过程,从而实现脉冲激光的锁相.对该方案进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并进行了两路脉冲激光相干合成实验.实验结果表明,当系统从闭环到开环时,系统性能评价函数均值提高到开环的1.6倍,干涉条纹长曝光对比度从0提高到0.43.在该方案中,通过增加合成脉冲激光路数,并在各路脉冲激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出.     

Coordinated pricing and inventory control problems with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost

This article addresses a single‐item, finite‐horizon, periodic‐review coordinated decision model on pricing and inventory control with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost. Demands in different periods are random and independent of each other, and their distributions depend on the price in the current period. Each period's stochastic demand function is the additive demand model. Pricing and ordering decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and all shortages are backlogged. The objective is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the total expected discounted profit. We show that the profit‐to‐go function is strongly CK‐concave, and the optimal policy has an (s,S,P) ‐like structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

自由曲面慢刀伺服车削及刀具参数确定方法

自由曲面光学元件具有优越的光学性能,在现代光学系统中得到越来越广泛的应用。慢刀伺服是单点金刚石车削自由曲面的新技术。由于自由曲面面形的复杂性以及慢刀伺服车削技术的特殊性,刀具与工件的相对位置关系也更加复杂,必须对刀具与工件表面的相对几何关系深入研究,从而确定合适的刀具参数。从原理上对慢刀伺服车削技术的特殊性进行了分析。分别基于过轴心截面曲线特性和基于NURBS曲面整体特性研究了刀具参数确定方法。以正弦阵列表面工件为例,验证了这两种分析方法。     

具有战时随机延误与损耗的多配送中心路径优化

建立了具有战时随机延误与损耗的多配送中心配送路径安排模型,给出了基于随机模拟的蚁群算法。算法通过给定残存率、用时与置信度阈值,把多目标问题作为单目标来处理。用随机模拟的方法来求路径的置信度,并以此为基础搜索转移策略的临域与判断未遍历点的插入位置。算法设计了符合问题特点的从虚拟点出发的转移策略与对两类路段不同的信息素更新策略,确保算法的实现。最后,通过算例说明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于速度矢量的双基地雷达模糊函数分析

通过研究双基地雷达系统模糊函数数学模型和当发射信号为高斯单脉冲且目标相对接收机的距离和速度变化时双基地雷达系统模糊函数的特性,分析了目标的速度大小与方向对模糊函数的影响。该模型可有效考核任意发射脉冲信号的双基地雷达系统的分辨力及距离和速度模糊等问题,对研究双基地雷达系统性能有着重要的理论参考价值。     

Properties of the geometric and related processes

Some properties of the geometric process are studied along with those of a related process which we propose to call the α‐series process. It is shown that the expected number of counts at an arbitrary time does not exist for the decreasing geometric process. The decreasing version of the α‐series process does have a finite expected number of counts, under certain conditions. This process also has the same advantages of tractability as the geometric process; it exhibits some properties which may make it a useful complement to the increasing geometric process. In addition, it may be fit to observed data as easily as the geometric process. Applications in reliability and stochastic scheduling are considered in order to demonstrate the versatility of the alternative model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

Failure profiles of coherent systems

In this paper we first introduce and study the notion of failure profiles which is based on the concepts of paths and cuts in system reliability. The relationship of failure profiles to two notions of component importance is highlighted, and an expression for the density function of the lifetime of a coherent system, with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes, is derived. We then demonstrate the way that failure profiles can be used to establish likelihood ratio orderings of lifetimes of two systems. Finally we use failure profiles to obtain bounds, in the likelihood ratio sense, on the lifetimes of coherent systems with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes. The bounds are relatively easy to compute and use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004