服役工况下镍基单晶高温合金的损伤机制研究进展

为提高镍基单晶叶片服役寿命、解决发动机和燃气轮机的关键核心技术,近年来国内外持续开展了大量针对镍基单晶高温合金服役情况下损伤与失效机制的研究。从实际服役条件出发,总结了镍基单晶高温合金疲劳、蠕变和热机械疲劳损伤机制等研究成果与进展。此外,针对大量实验造成的时间与成本增加问题,还总结了近年来在镍基单晶高温合金的寿命预测方法方面的研究工作与成果,并提出了目前在镍基单晶高温合金寿命评估与失效分析研究方面所面临的困难和挑战。     

基于GSPN的编队网络化防空指挥流程研究

为了提高编队指挥员在信息化海战中的作战指挥效率和应变能力,利用广义随机Petri网与马尔可夫链的等价关系,得到一种Petri网与马尔可夫链理论相结合的指挥流程时间性能分析的新方法,通过对模型进行分析与求解,得出了舰艇编队网络化防空作战指挥流程活动的准确作战周期,从而为指挥流程的优化提供有力的支撑,对评估系统效能水平也具有重要指导意义。     

Deterministic and stochastic scheduling with teamwork tasks

We study a class of new scheduling problems which involve types of teamwork tasks. Each teamwork task consists of several components, and requires a team of processors to complete, with each team member to process a particular component of the task. Once the processor completes its work on the task, it will be available immediately to work on the next task regardless of whether the other components of the last task have been completed or not. Thus, the processors in a team neither have to start, nor have to finish, at the same time as they process a task. A task is completed only when all of its components have been processed. The problem is to find an optimal schedule to process all tasks, under a given objective measure. We consider both deterministic and stochastic models. For the deterministic model, we find that the optimal schedule exhibits the pattern that all processors must adopt the same sequence to process the tasks, even under a general objective function GC = F(f₁(C₁), f₂(C₂), … , f_n(C_n)), where f_i(C_i) is a general, nondecreasing function of the completion time C_i of task i. We show that the optimal sequence to minimize the maximum cost MC = max f_i(C_i) can be derived by a simple rule if there exists an order f₁(t) ≤ … ≤ f_n(t) for all t between the functions {f_i(t)}. We further show that the optimal sequence to minimize the total cost TC = ∑ f_i(C_i) can be constructed by a dynamic programming algorithm. For the stochastic model, we study three optimization criteria: (A) almost sure minimization; (B) stochastic ordering; and (C) expected cost minimization. For criterion (A), we show that the results for the corresponding deterministic model can be easily generalized. However, stochastic problems with criteria (B) and (C) become quite difficult. Conditions under which the optimal solutions can be found for these two criteria are derived. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Failure profiles of coherent systems

In this paper we first introduce and study the notion of failure profiles which is based on the concepts of paths and cuts in system reliability. The relationship of failure profiles to two notions of component importance is highlighted, and an expression for the density function of the lifetime of a coherent system, with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes, is derived. We then demonstrate the way that failure profiles can be used to establish likelihood ratio orderings of lifetimes of two systems. Finally we use failure profiles to obtain bounds, in the likelihood ratio sense, on the lifetimes of coherent systems with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes. The bounds are relatively easy to compute and use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Coordinated pricing and inventory control problems with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost

This article addresses a single‐item, finite‐horizon, periodic‐review coordinated decision model on pricing and inventory control with capacity constraints and fixed ordering cost. Demands in different periods are random and independent of each other, and their distributions depend on the price in the current period. Each period's stochastic demand function is the additive demand model. Pricing and ordering decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and all shortages are backlogged. The objective is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the total expected discounted profit. We show that the profit‐to‐go function is strongly CK‐concave, and the optimal policy has an (s,S,P) ‐like structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于主动相位控制的脉冲激光相干合成技术

提出并验证了基于随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法的主动相位控制脉冲激光相干合成方案.利用低通滤波器滤除脉冲激光光强变化导致的性能评价函数起伏,提取出相位噪声导致的性能评价函数变化,然后将这个低通滤波后的性能评价函数用于SPGD算法的极值寻优过程,从而实现脉冲激光的锁相.对该方案进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并进行了两路脉冲激光相干合成实验.实验结果表明,当系统从闭环到开环时,系统性能评价函数均值提高到开环的1.6倍,干涉条纹长曝光对比度从0提高到0.43.在该方案中,通过增加合成脉冲激光路数,并在各路脉冲激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出.     

指控软件可用性工程生命周期模型

针对当前装甲指控软件的应用现状和存在的问题,运用可用性工程理论和方法,提出了指控软件的可用性工程生命周期模型,该模型包括可用性需求分析、模型构建、可用性设计、可用性测试与评估、安装部署与使用体验、用户反馈等过程。通过与一般软件测试的比较,强调可用性测试实验环境的作用。该模型突出用户的作用,重视用户反馈,可为指控软件的设计和开发提供理论指导。     

具有战时随机延误与损耗的多配送中心路径优化

建立了具有战时随机延误与损耗的多配送中心配送路径安排模型,给出了基于随机模拟的蚁群算法。算法通过给定残存率、用时与置信度阈值,把多目标问题作为单目标来处理。用随机模拟的方法来求路径的置信度,并以此为基础搜索转移策略的临域与判断未遍历点的插入位置。算法设计了符合问题特点的从虚拟点出发的转移策略与对两类路段不同的信息素更新策略,确保算法的实现。最后,通过算例说明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

论魏晋士人的生命意识

魏晋时期是中国文学史上极为特殊的时期。这一时期是文人生命情绪勃发与生命意识高扬的时期 ,此时期的文学可称为生命文学。魏晋士人以一种忧生叹死的自我意识去关注社会 ,体悟自然 ,表现自我 ,抒发他们心中的愤懑与惆怅 ,失意与忧伤 ,既有对人格理想、功业抱负的追求 ,又有对时光流逝、生命短暂的慨叹 ,从而形成了慷慨悲凉、哀婉忧伤的文学风格。这一时期的诗歌称得上是中国文学史上最具丰富生命内涵的诗歌     

止脱弹簧的蠕变行为与贮存寿命预测

根据止脱弹簧的受力模式和失效机理,设计了止脱弹簧的蠕变老化试验装置,对止脱弹簧进行了蠕变加速老化试验,利用图像测量技术研究了载荷和温度对止脱弹簧自由端蠕变行为的影响规律。进一步,基于Arrhenius方程建立了止脱弹簧在力-热联合载荷下的蠕变动力学方程,预测了止脱弹簧的使用寿命。研究表明:止脱弹簧的蠕变位移是一个随时间变化的单调非减函数;环境温度和载荷水平的提高都会加速止脱弹簧的蠕变。所提方法和相关结论可为蠕变型止脱弹簧的设计和寿命预测提供参考。