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181.
One of the major problems in modeling production systems is how to treat the job arrival process. Restrictive assumptions such as Markovian arrivals do not represent real world systems, especially if the arrival process is generated by job departures from upstream workstations. Under these circumstances, cost‐effective policies that are robust with respect to the nature of the arrival process become of interest. In this paper, we focus on minimizing the expected total holding and setup costs in a two‐stage produce‐to‐order production system operated by a cross‐trained worker. We will show that if setup times are insignificant in comparison with processing times, then near‐optimal policies can be generated with very robust performances with respect to the arrival process. We also present conditions under which these near‐optimal policies can be obtained by using only the arrival and service rates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005. 相似文献
182.
Operational processes are usually studied in terms of stochastic processes. The main information measure used for predictability of stochastic processes is the entropy rate, which is asymptotic conditional entropy, thus not suitable for application over a finite horizon. We use the conditional entropy to study the predictability of stochastic processes over the finite horizon. It is well‐known that the conditional entropies of stationary processes decrease as the processes evolve, implying that, on average, their pasts become more informative about prediction of their future outcomes. Some important operational processes such as martingale, models for maintenance policies, nonhomogeneous Poisson, and mixed Poisson processes are nonstationary. We show that as a nonstationary process evolves, it may provide more information or less information about the future state of the system. We develop results for comparing the predictability of stochastic processes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
183.
Modeling R&D as standard sequential search, we consider a monopolist who can implement a sequence of technological discoveries during the technology search process: he earns revenue on his installed technology while he engages in R&D to find improved technology. What is not standard is that he has a finite number of opportunities to introduce improved technology. We show that his optimal policy is characterized by thresholds ξi(x): introduce the newly found technology if and only if it exceeds ξi(x) when x is the state of the currently installed technology and i is the number of remaining introductions allowed. We also analyze a nonstationary learning‐by‐doing model in which the monopolist's experience in implementing new technologies imparts increased capability in generating new technologies. Because this nonstationary model is not in the class of monotone stopping problems, a number of surprising results hold and several seemingly obvious properties of the stationary model no longer hold. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
184.
电磁探测卫星对区域目标的覆盖搜索在反恐及海上搜救等领域发挥着重要作用.针对电磁探测卫星区域搜索任务中存在的空域频域不确定性,构建了电磁探测卫星区域搜索问题(EDSASP)中不确定因素的量化描述模型及决策要素模型,提出了基于贝叶斯决策的电磁卫星任务规划方法,并以信息探测收益和前端截获收益为优化目标,建立了空域频域不确定条... 相似文献
185.
We show that the linear objective function of a search problem can be generalized to a power function and/or a logarithmic function and still be minimized by an index priority rule. We prove our result by solving the differential equation resulting from the required invariance condition, therefore, we also prove that any other generalization of this linear objective function will not lead to an index priority rule. We also demonstrate the full equivalence between two related search problems in the sense that a solution to either one can be used to solve the other one and vice versa. Finally, we show that the linear function is the only function leading to an index priority rule for the single‐machine makespan minimization problem with deteriorating jobs and an additive job deterioration function. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
186.
Johan Marklund 《海军后勤学研究》2011,58(1):59-71
This article analyses a divergent supply chain consisting of a central warehouse and N nonidentical retailers. The focus is on joint evaluation of inventory replenishment and shipment consolidation effects. A time‐based dispatching and shipment consolidation policy is used at the warehouse in conjunction with real‐time point‐of‐sale data and centralized inventory information. This represents a common situation, for example, in various types of vendor managed inventory systems. The main contribution is the derivation of an exact recursive procedure for determining the expected inventory holding and backorder costs for the system, under the assumption of Poisson demand. Two heuristics for determining near optimal shipment intervals are also presented. The results are applicable both for single‐item and multiitem systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 59–71, 2011 相似文献
187.
188.
In this study, we explore an inventory model for a wholesaler who sells a fashion product through two channels with asymmetric sales horizons. The wholesaler can improve profitability by employing joint procurement and inventory reallocation as a recourse action in response to the dynamics of sales. In this research, a simple stochastic programming model is analyzed to specify the properties of the optimal inventory decisions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
189.
针对压力容器制造、使用过程中各种参数的不确定性,提出了一种基于响应平面的随机分析方法.根据某压力容器的结构特点,确定性有限元分析采用了接触有限元,结合中心组合抽样设计构建了容器最大应力的响应平面,以此为基础对压力容器应力分布进行了随机分析.可靠性分析中引入应力—强度干涉模型,并分别对容器壁面和接管处进行了可靠性评定.实... 相似文献
190.