The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’

The first conceptual, theoretical treatises about small war (la petite guerre) as special operations appeared only from the middle of the seventeenth century. The term is not used in the eighteenth-century sense of ‘special operations’ in older sources. The supposed absence of any treatment of the subject is surprising considering the obsession with the ‘art of war’ in the Renaissance, but other authors attribute it to a supposed antinomy between chivalric ideals and irregular warfare. But the absence of explicit manuals on the subject is not evidence of absence of advanced reflection on this kind of operations in the Middle Ages and in Early Modern times. We should thus look elsewhere, in other genres, for writings that contain and pass on military knowledge. Epics, romances, educational and military treatises, and memoirs in fact contain elements of a theory of special operations, even though these genres differ from our conception of rationality inherited from the Enlightenment.     

Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810–1812

The Spanish Guerrilla (1808–1812) which has given its name to ideologically motivated insurgencies is usually portrayed as a patriotic uprising against the French occupation forces of Napoleon. It was that, in part, but also many other things besides. This case study illustrates its overlap and convergence with banditry but also with social unrest turned into uprisings directed by poor Spaniards against their creditors, as in the storming of Ronda by insurgents in 1810. From the propaganda of the day to the subsequent Spanish patriotic historiography, there has been a tendency to exaggerate the amplitude of events and also the damage that was done to the French forces and the casualty figures inflicted on them.     

基于拉格朗日松弛的航天测控调度上界求解算法

通过分析航天测控调度问题的测控需求,建立了航天测控调度0-1整数规划模型,运用拉格朗日松弛方法对模型中的设备约束和卫星约束进行了松弛,运用次梯度优化算法求得了拉格朗日对偶问题的上界.最后,通过对两个场景的试验分析,证明了运用次梯度优化算法求得的上界的有效性.     

灭火救援对消防人员心理的影响研究

系统地研究灭火救援过程对消防人员造成的各种心理问题,改善消防人员的心理健康水平,对提高消防部队的战斗力具有重要意义。在总结消防人员灭火救援中心理应激反应特点的基础上,设计制作了《消防人员心理行为调查问卷表》,运用SPSS软件对长春市消防人员在灭火救援中不同火灾经历、特殊环境、心理训练以及参军年限对消防人员心理应激反应的影响等方面进行了统计分析,归纳影响心理应激反应的主要因素,并有针对性地提出了心理应激干预措施。为正确分析消防人员的心理状况,提高消防人员调节心理压力的能力和技巧提供理论依据,为探索新形势下心理健康工作的新方法、新手段提供参考。     

新疆高校教师职业倦怠状况研究

研究采用Maslach倦怠量表对299名新疆高校教师进行问卷调查,结果：（1）新疆高校教师职业倦怠总体状况轻微,但情绪衰竭因子明显;（2）性别、教龄、学院是影响新疆高校教师的主要人口统计学变量,其中男性教师比女性教师表现出更为明显的去个性化,工作4-6年的教师比其他阶段的教师更缺乏成就感,工作7-10年的教师更为冷漠,理科类学院的教师职业倦怠感更强烈。研究认为,压力是导致新疆高校教师职业倦怠的主要原因之一,建立基于权变理论的教师评价制度、根据教师发展需求建立同伴互助团队、根据教师职业生涯发展阶段特点健全相应激励措施是缓解教师职业倦怠的主要对策。     

觉察压力、社会支持、健康行为关系的路径分析

目的：综合研究觉察压力、社会支持和健康行为间的关系。方法：在问卷调查的基础上采用路径分析的方法,建立三者之间的结构方程模型并进行验证。研究工具：调查问卷：觉察压力量表;领悟社会支持评价量表;报告健康行为量表。结果：①问卷内部一致性信度为：0.701-0.802。②模型各拟合指数为：χ^2/df=1.34（χ^2=104.481,df=78）;GFI（拟合优度指数）=0.898;AGFI（调整拟合优度指数）=0.900;NFI（规范拟合指数）=0.926,TLI（Tucker-Lewis指数）=0.897;CFI（比较拟合指数）=0.912;RMSEA（近似误差均方根）=0.051。说明模型拟合情况良好。结论：应综合开展包括：压力应对、建立社会支持环境、培养良好生活方式在内的心理健康教育。     

具有分布时滞的随机反应扩散细胞神经网络的几乎必然指数稳定性

研究一类具有分布时滞和反应扩散的随机细胞神经网络的稳定性。通过构造Lyapunov泛函,并利用It公式、半鞅收敛定理以及不等式技巧,得到了系统几乎必然指数稳定的充分条件。     

考虑抗拉强度的含外倾结构面岩质边坡稳定性分析

当前工程设计都是将边坡失稳破坏看成整体的剪切破坏即M-C剪切破坏,基本不考虑岩土体本身抗拉强度.而岩质边坡真实的破坏应该是张拉-剪切复合破坏,不应是传统不考虑抗拉强度的单一剪切破坏模式.利用FLAC3D软件,基于张拉-剪切复合破坏准则对岩体和结构面强度参数同时进行强度折减,与只考虑抗剪强度的情况进行比较来研究抗拉强度对...     

军队人力资源培训问题的整数线性规划模型

文章研究了军队人力资源培训问题,并基于时间和费用两个指标,建立了一个满足培训时间约束且费用最省的0-1整数线性规划模型,给出了基于Lagrange松驰分解的模型求解算法。在算法中,采用一种简单可行的Lagrange乘子更新方法代替传统的次梯度法。另外,文章证明了算法获得最优解的两个充分条件,计算实例初步表明给出的算法是行之有效的。     

Optimal pricing and inventory control policy in periodic‐review systems with fixed ordering cost and lost sales

This paper studies a periodic‐review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price‐sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s,S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006