二次流引射对保形非对称喷管性能的影响

发动机与飞机后体结构设计合理与否直接影响发动机的部件匹配和性能。利用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ωSST湍流模型对飞翼布局无人机保形非对称喷管在典型飞行状态下开展了内外流流场特性的数值分析,获得了后体尾喷管推力性能和三维流动特征随二次流压力比的变化趋势。结果表明:发动机喷管落压比条件一定的前提下,通过合理优化二次流通道、增大二次流压力比,可以有效改善后体/喷管主流流场特性;当二次流与主流的流量比在0. 2%～1. 86%内时,后体尾喷管轴向推力系数的变化幅度大约为3%,在一定程度上能够减弱发动机主流的过膨胀程度,减小发动机推力损失,无人机后体尾喷管性能得到显著提高。     

Think again – supplying war: reappraising military logistics and its centrality to strategy and war

This article argues that logistics constrains strategic opportunity while itself being heavily circumscribed by strategic and operational planning. With the academic literature all but ignoring the centrality of logistics to strategy and war, this article argues for a reappraisal of the critical role of military logistics, and posits that the study and conduct of war and strategy are incomplete at best or false at worst when they ignore this crucial component of the art of war. The article conceptualises the logistics–strategy nexus in a novel way, explores its contemporary manifestation in an age of uncertainty, and applies it to a detailed case study of UK operations in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001.     

US warfare in Somalia and the trade-off between casualty-aversion and civilian protection

This article examines the ways in which the two normative concerns of casualty-aversion and civilian protection influenced US military strategy in the particular context of the asymmetric conflict in Somalia in the early 1990s. The article critically evaluates US military operations through the prism of international humanitarian law and examines whether American forces started prioritizing casualty-aversion over the safeguarding of Somali civilians. Finally, by drawing on emerging moral guidelines (such as Michael Walzer's idea of ‘due care’), the article examines whether lower numbers of Somali civilian deaths could have been achieved if marginal increases to the risks faced by US soldiers had been accepted.     

Lost through non-translation: bringing Clausewitz's writings on ‘new wars’ back in

While Carl von Clausewitz has generally been respected as one of the most profound philosophers of war, his expertise has been regarded as somewhat limited if not even irrelevant to the so-called ‘new wars’ of the post-Cold War world. Many scholars in international relations have claimed that ‘new wars’ are essentially ‘post-Clausewitzian’ and ‘post-trinitarian’ in nature, meaning that they are no longer fathomable through a Clausewitzian framework. However Clausewitz's earlier writings were nearly exclusively dedicated to guerrilla warfare, or what he called ‘small wars’. These writings have been largely overlooked by many analysts of contemporary conflicts. By drawing on his rare and untranslated writings, the article uncovers a critical part of Clausewitz's expertise in asymmetric warfare and shows that, far from being irrelevant in an age where interstate warfare is increasingly being replaced by conflicts between states and semi-/non-state actors, Clausewitz's philosophical writings actually shed new light into the particular interactive dynamics generated during wars waged under conditions of asymmetry.     

分段供电六相圆筒式直线感应电动机数学模型

为研究新型分段供电六相圆筒式直线感应电动机的运行规律,针对其不对称运行的特点,采用磁动势理论推导了气隙中与空间位置无关的脉振磁场的电感矩阵表达式,通过将其引入abc坐标系下对称的电机数学模型,从而构建描述六相圆筒式直线感应电机不对称的数学模型。在Simulink环境下,采用隐式梯形法构建该不对称模型的系统仿真模型。对样机进行仿真分析和实验验证,仿真结果与实验数据吻合良好,验证了模型的正确性。     

大口径舰炮将重展雄风

由于浅水战争和不对称威胁,要求在中短距离上攻击各种目标,但这种条件常常严重地阻碍了反舰导弹性能的发挥。同反舰导弹相比,大口径火炮要便宜得多,能更加即时地使用,且快速灵活,所以现在各大军事强国都在加紧研制新型大口径舰炮,重新考虑使用大口径火炮来代替反舰导弹,并且提供海上火力支援,使大口径舰炮重新登上战舰的舞台。为此,介绍了美国、德国、英国、意大利、俄罗斯、法国的大口径火炮研制情况。     

P一致光滑空间中一类非线性算子的不动点逼近

在P一致光滑的Banach空间中。证明了满足一定条件的Ishikawa迭代序列强收敛于非Lipschitz算子的不动点。     

一类包含m—增生算子紧扰动的算子方程的可解性

设X为一致凸的Banach空间,T:X(?)D(T)→X为m—增生的且强增生的算子,T_0:X→X为线性紧算子。C:X→X为全连续算子,应用Leray-Schauder度理论,研究了算子方程Tx-T_0x Cx=f,f∈X的可解性。     

Should firms conceal information when dealing with common suppliers?

A firm making quantity decision under uncertainty loses profit if its private information is leaked to competitors. Outsourcing increases this risk as a third party supplier may leak information for its own benefit. The firm may choose to conceal information from the competitors by entering in a confidentiality agreement with the supplier. This, however, diminishes the firm's ability to dampen competition by signaling a higher quantity commitment. We examine this trade‐off in a stylized supply chain in which two firms, endowed with private demand information, order sequentially from a common supplier, and engage in differentiated quantity competition. In our model, the supplier can set different wholesale prices for firms, and the second‐mover firm could be better informed. Contrary to what is expected, information concealment is not always beneficial to the first mover. We characterize conditions under which the first mover firm will not prefer concealing information. We show that this depends on the relative informativeness of the second mover and is moderated by competition intensity. We examine the supplier's incentive in participating in information concealment, and develop a contract that enables it for wider set of parameter values. We extend our analysis to examine firms' incentive to improve information. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:1–15, 2015     

自由旋涡气动窗口非对称喷管的设计

对于高能激光器来说 ,晶体材料输出窗口因吸收致热而无法正常工作。自由旋涡气动窗口利用超音速自由旋涡来密封低压的激光腔。本文提出了确定气动窗口所需自由旋涡气动特性的过程 ,讨论了特征线方法在非对称超音速喷管设计中的应用 ,该喷管被用来产生自由旋涡流动。