高超声速飞行器前缘流-热-固一体化计算

针对高超声速流动气动加热与结构传热的复杂耦合问题,探索和研究基于有限体积法的高超声速流-热-固一体化求解方法,将流场与结构温度场进行统一建模与数值模拟。该方法避开了传统气动加热和结构传热耦合求解方法在时间域内进行流场与结构温度场耦合交替迭代计算所带来的大量数据交换与计算,将流场与结构温度场作为一个物理场,采用统一的控制方程进行求解。采用典型高超声速绕流二维圆管稳态或非稳态流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证,稳态时圆管驻点温度最高达到648 K,非稳态时的热流密度和结构温度与参考文献和实验值吻合较好,由此证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。与耦合计算方法的对比分析结果表明:该一体化求解方法所得计算结果更接近实验值,并且计算量和网格依赖性都相对较小,具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,能为高超声速飞行器一体化热防护设计提供有效的理论和技术支撑。     

某超限高层建筑结构分析与优化

为有效控制平、立面超限高层结构的扭转效应,利用结构概念设计和程序计算分析,较为详细地介绍了一栋因建筑平面为蝶型而平面规则性超限的高层建筑进行结构分析和结构优化的全过程。通过调整结构平面布置、计算分析和设置适当的构造措施,使结构整体设计既满足了建筑功能的需要,又符合现行规范的要求,计算结果也证实了这一结论。该设计可供类似工程参考。     

材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器发展综述

综述了材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器的发展现状。阐述了纳米压入测试技术的发展历程;从驱动、载荷测量和位移测量3方面对目前材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器的基本结构进行了比较分析;介绍了材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器集成技术,包括影响压入深度测量精度的集成技术、观测技术、大载荷模块和高温试验模块等;最后,对未来材料力学性能纳米压力测试仪器的发展趋势作了展望。     

氧化铝气凝胶复合材料的制备与隔热性能

以仲丁醇铝为先驱体,采用溶胶一凝胶工艺制备氧化铝溶胶,并将其与无机陶瓷纤维毡复合经超临界流体干燥得到氧化铝气凝胶隔热复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和氮气吸附等方法对样品微观结构进行分析,利用热平板法对材料的隔热性能进行测试,并分析了氧化铝气凝胶隔热复合材料隔热机理.研究表明:与氧化硅气凝胶相比,氧化铝气凝胶具有更好的耐高温性能,经1000℃热处理后仍然能够较好地保持其纳米多孔结构;将气凝胶与纤维复合后,充分发挥了氧化铝气凝胶优良的隔热特性,使得复合材料的隔热性能较纯纤维毡有了明显的改善,其热面温度1000℃时导热系数为0.0685 W/m·K.     

Peace-building or structural violence? Deconstructing the aftermath of Nigeria/Cameroon boundary demarcation

ABSTRACT

There is a great conviction that the International Court of Justice’s ruling in 2002 on the Bakassi boundary dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon, and Nigeria’s decision to obey the ruling may have stopped a fierce inter-state war over the boundary. Indeed, many then ascribed to the whole boundary demarcation process as peacebuilding, disregarding the structural changes marked by the violence of forced migration. This article explores how the boundary delimitation has produced particular sorts of structural violence characterised by state neglect, loss of livelihoods and destitution. Thus, the article argues that although a full-blown war was avoided, the socio-economic conditions of the Nigerian populations on both sides of the border were not adequately considered and guaranteed as part of the peace-building agenda. It further argues that Nigeria, like many post-colonial states with the concentration of developments in major cities, neglects rural and border communities. Thus, the border communities accommodating the former Bakassi residents have further degenerated into ‘ill-governed’ spaces. This article uses structural violence as a framework to analyse the primary and secondary data to provide some deeper insights into the issues of violence being experienced by the local populations living on both sides of the demarcated border.