等效载噪比评估全球导航卫星系统接收机误码率的适应性分析

等效载噪比是全球导航卫星系统接收机捕获、数据解调和跟踪性能的重要指标。近年来,研究人员取得大量以等效载噪比为指标的干扰影响分析研究成果,但鲜有等效载噪比适应性分析。为此,展开等效载噪比适应性研究。在推导单频干扰下接收机等效载噪比和误码率模型基础上,得出特定条件下等效载噪比评估数据解调性能失效的结论。同时,深入分析等效载噪比失效的机理,给出等效载噪比指标的适用条件。仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

装备外壳结构周期设计及其振动特性

将声子晶体能带理论应用于装备外壳结构设计,把装备外壳圆柱壳段设计成周期结构。基于多子结构的双协调自由界面模态综合法,计算并对比了周期圆柱壳与非周期圆柱壳对弯曲振动的衰减特性。结果表明,周期圆柱壳中有弯曲振动强衰减带隙存在,而非周期结构中则没有带隙存在。进一步研究了轴向周期复合夹层材料圆柱壳的弯曲振动特性。同样,该周期复合夹层结构中依然有弯曲振动带隙存在,且在带隙频率范围内弯曲振动传播将受到明显的抑制。最后,考虑实际装备外壳形状,研究了含周期结构圆柱段的复杂装备外壳振动特性。研究表明,经过局部周期设计的复杂装备外壳保持了带隙特性,这说明了将能带理论应用于工程实际装备外壳的振动控制具有可行性。     

测向交叉定位时的舰艇战术对抗措施

测向交叉定位在海情复杂的西太平洋区域能够发挥重要作用,推测了敌方采用主动雷达搜索时最有可能采取的战术,包括雷达搜索扇面等。分析了测向交叉角对圆概率误差和定位精度的影响,得出变化规律,然后与敌方战术相结合,为扩大我方对敌方的定位精度并减小敌方对我方的定位精度,得出了遂行攻防作战时的舰艇战术对抗措施,可以为我军海上军事斗争提供参考。     

瞄准镜与枪械连接结构与连接位置研究

通过对皮卡汀尼导轨和燕尾式导轨连接结构的分析,提出瞄准镜与枪械连接结构应具有的特点,即结合瞄具方便快捷、瞄具位置可调、具有自动补偿磨损机制和良好的抗冲击性能,并据此提出新的枪-瞄连接结构设计方案．同时,应用瞄准原理分析枪械上瞄准镜座的高低、方向及前后位置对射击精度和瞄准镜分划刻制的影响．     

进入角约束下的载机变结构远距引导

针对一般导引律在载机远距引导中存在的问题,结合远距引导的需求,设计了远距引导的三维变结构导引律。该导引律具有较强自适应性,可以使载机以期望的进入角接近目标。仿真结果表明,载机在该导引律作用下,能以较小过载,平滑轨迹快速接近机动目标,并保证载机引导结束时占有有利的空中战术态势。     

抗差最小二乘估计在惯组外场标定中的应用

惯组在外场进行标定时常常会受到环境的振动干扰,从而会对惯组的标定精度造成极大的影响.为解决这一问题,在分析了粗差对惯组标定精度影响的前提下,建立了一种改进的辨识惯组误差系数的数学模型,使其能够分辨出那些受到振动干扰影响的惯组误差系数.最后利用抗差最小二乘估计对惯组误差系数进行处理,通过等价权函数的连续降权和连续减弱影响处理,抵制了异常数据对惯组标定精度的影响.仿真结果表明,抗差最小二乘估计具有很强的抗差能力,能有效减弱异常干扰对参数估计的影响,提高惯组外场标定的精度和数据的可靠性.     

The UK defence electronics industry: adjusting to change

The electronics industry provides components and capabilities that are critical to modern defence requirements. It is anticipated that the effectiveness of both weapons systems and the command and control network that supports military operations will become increasingly dependent upon the electronics sub‐systems they employ in the future. With the ascendancy of ‘network centric warfare’, it seems certain that defence electronics will continue to grow in importance in the future, enabling far‐reaching advances in military capability and efficiency. Yet little is known about the structure, conduct, performance and competitiveness of the UK defence electronics sector as it prepares to meet the challenges ahead. This paper reports the findings of a study commissioned in 2002 by Intellect, the UK defence electronics trade association, and supported by the Department of Trade and Industry. The UK defence electronics industry is found to be a high technology, R&D‐intensive and decreasing cost industry, which is competitive in world defence markets. The UK industry faces major competitive threats in the future from established US and European firms and from potential new entrants from China, India, Israel, Singapore, South Korea and Turkey. The future competitiveness of the UK defence electronics industry will depend on maintaining both technical advantage and open access to the large US market.     

SLOWING DOWN TO KEEP THE LEAD IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY

We develop a model of military technology competition among states. States can choose to introduce new military technology, mimic rivals’ level of technology, or withdraw from the contest. States can choose to implement any level of technology within their current feasible technologies. We find that states with significant technological leads should sometimes withhold new technologies, only strategically releasing them to trump rivals’ efforts. We develop the model by refining Admiral Jackie Fisher’s roughly articulated concept of ‘plunging’. We then use this refined argument to reanalyze the case of naval rivalries among European powers between the Crimean War and the First World War. Finally, we conclude by discussing the model’s implications for current US military force structure planning.     

Revisiting the Defense–Growth nexus in European countries

This study revisits the long run and dynamic causal linkages between defense spending and economic growth in 15 selected European countries for the period 1988–2010 by utilizing recent developments in non-stationary panel data analysis. To this end, the series properties of per capita defense spending, per capita real capita stocks, and per capita real GDP are investigated by the panel unit root tests with and without breaks that support evidence on unit root. The panel cointegration tests with and without breaks are also subsequently employed to investigate whether there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between these three variables. Finally, our causality analysis from panel vector error-correction model suggests that there is a feedback relation between real capital stock and real GDP in both short and long run, a one-way Granger causality running from real GDP to defense spending in both short and long run, and defense spending only Granger causes real capital stock in the long run.     

基于磁强计和光纤陀螺的小卫星姿态确定非线性滤波算法

提出了一种小卫星姿态确定的非线性滤波算法,该算法利用三轴磁强计和光纤陀螺作为姿态敏感器。在非线性滤波器的设计中,从两个方面对平方根sigma点卡尔曼滤波方法进行改进。第一,把姿态四元数的矢量部分、光纤陀螺的漂移和噪声组合,得到滤波器的增广状态向量;第二,分别建立向量旋转模型、最优化模型和误差四元数乘法模型来确保非线性滤波过程中四元数的归一化约束。仿真分析结果表明,本文提出的非线性滤波算法能够有效地提高小卫星的定姿性能,与扩展卡尔曼滤波相比,具有较高的精度、稳定性和较快的收敛速度;与无迹卡尔曼滤波相比,收敛性相当,但是精度略优,稳定性和计算效率较高。