Information disclosure with endogenous channel structure

This article investigates the firms' optimal quality information disclosure strategies in a supply chain, wherein the supplier may encroach into the retail channel to sell products directly to end consumers. We consider two disclosure formats, namely, retailer disclosure (R-C) and supplier disclosure (S-C), and examine the optimal disclosure format from each firm's perspective. We show that either firm prefers to delegate the disclosure option to its partner when the supplier cannot encroach. However, the threat of supplier encroachment dramatically alters the firm's preference of disclosure. The supplier may prefer the S-C format to the R-C format when the entry cost is low and the disclosure cost is high to achieve a higher quality information transparency. Meanwhile, the retailer may prefer the R-C format to the S-C format when the entry cost is intermediate to deter the possible encroachment of the supplier. In this sense, the firms' preferences of disclosure format can be aligned due to the threat of supplier encroachment. The consumer surplus is always higher under the S-C format while either disclosure format can lead to a higher social welfare. We also consider an alternative scenario under which the supplier encroaches after the product quality information is disclosed. An interesting observation appears that the supplier may encroach when the product quality is low but foregoes encroachment when the product quality gets higher.     

训练保障系统经费分配模型研究

讨论了影响训练保障费用分配的因素,明确了训练保障费用分配的原则,给出了训练保障费用分配的模型．     

指挥机构人员等级结构评估方法

指挥机构是战争中的头脑,结构优化、职责分明、衔接紧密是指挥机构首要的要求.为了使指挥机构在等级调整中仍然保持相对的稳定,确定合适的进入机构系统的人员比例,是需要解决的问题.依据机构人员级别调整运行的普遍规律,对进出机构系统的人员等级结构进行建模,分析机构人员等级结构达到稳定的条件,运用递推的方法,求得在稳定的条件下应调入机构的各个等级人员比例,并按达到稳定结构的顺序对机构进行评估.     

东莞商业中心超长混凝土结构无缝施工技术

在超长钢筋混凝土结构施工中,为防止混凝土受温度应力和干缩应力而引起开裂,通常采用设置后浇带的方法加以处理.一般每30～40 m设一道后浇带,40～50 d后再浇筑膨胀混凝土.这种常规的后浇带施工,工序复杂,施工时间长,质量不易保证.东莞商业中心三期B区H-6项目工程施工中,结合超长混凝土结构的具体特点,采用超长混凝土结...     

地基不均匀沉降后的某框架结构安全性分析

由于某框架结构在施工过程中发生了明显的不均匀沉降,结构体可能存在安全隐患。为此,对该框架结构进行了现场检测,根据检测结果,应用大型有限元软件ANSYS对地基变形后的结构安全性进行分析,合理评价了结构性能,其工程经验可供参考。     

一类不匹配不确定非线性系统鲁棒变结构控制

针对一类具有不匹配非参数化不确定性的非线性系统 ,设计出一种鲁棒变结构控制器。该控制器能够保证当时间 t趋于无穷时 ,闭环控制系统的输出跟踪误差趋于零。仿真实例说明了该控制器具有满意的控制效果     

多模型估计方法

多模型方法是一种混合估计方法 ,相对于传统的估计方法而言 (例如 Kalman滤波 ) ,它特别适合于具有未知变参数或变结构系统的研究 ,因而在许多领域得到了成功应用。回顾了多模型方法的发展过程 ,对现有各种多模型估计方法进行了总结 ,并提出了研究方向     

The LP/POMDP marriage: Optimization with imperfect information

A new technique for solving large‐scale allocation problems with partially observable states and constrained action and observation resources is introduced. The technique uses a master linear program (LP) to determine allocations among a set of control policies, and uses partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to determine improving policies using dual prices from the master LP. An application is made to a military problem where aircraft attack targets in a sequence of stages, with information acquired in one stage being used to plan attacks in the next. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Naval Research Logistics 47: 607–619, 2000     

结构教学与多媒体

本文按照结构论的具体要求 ,为使得在多媒体教学中获得良好的教学效果 ,根据多媒体教学的特点 ,提出了辅助教学结构 ,给出了辅助教学的特点及实施后的几点启示     

用能量法确定层状复合材料疲劳裂纹的扩展方向

含裂纹体疲劳寿命的预测,必须首先了解裂纹扩展路径的全过程,而在层状复合材料中,裂纹扩展的路径非常复杂,不仅可以拐弯,而且可以分叉.因此,首先提出一个简单、适用、统一的裂纹扩展方向的相对强度准则,即应变能释放率比值判据;然后,利用有效解决高梯度问题的数值方法--任意线法,对实测试件的关键时刻(例如,拐弯或进入界面),进行了数值分析;并对典型试件进行了疲劳断裂实验研究.3方面的结果,得到相互的验证.这种一致性,不仅初步证明了这一方法的正确性和适用性,而且为疲劳裂纹扩展全过程的解决,提供了必要的基础.