老年建筑防火设计

针对老年建筑在消防方面给我们提出的新课题,介绍人口老龄化和老年建筑的基本情况,分析老年建筑的消防特点,并着重对老年建筑防火设计的若干问题进行探讨.     

Asia-Pacific Demand for Military Expenditure: Spatial Panel and SUR Estimates

This article investigates the demand for military expenditure for a sample of key Asia-Pacific countries. Spatial panel demand estimates are presented for three joined spatial units using a fixed-coefficient spatial lag model based on a two-step efficient GMM estimator. Spatial autoregression estimates are next presented for 1991–2015, founded on alternative kinds of country connectivities, such as contiguity, inverse distance, discrete distance, and power-projection considerations. Finally, 11 select countries’ demands for defense equations are estimated using seemingly unrelated regressions. From alternative perspectives, these estimated models indicate how Asia-Pacific countries respond to the defense spending of other countries. In the spatial runs, free riding is prevalent despite the growing military might of China, which apparently is not generally viewed as a threat. For the sample period, the projection of Chinese or American power is a relevant spatial factor. The main threat is reflected in non-U.S. allies’ reaction to U.S. allies’ defense spending during 1991–2015 and to Chinese defense spending after 2002.     

Planning gamma accelerated degradation tests with two accelerating variables

Gamma accelerated degradation tests (ADT) are widely used to assess timely lifetime information of highly reliable products with degradation paths that follow a gamma process. In the existing literature, there is interest in addressing the problem of deciding how to conduct an efficient, ADT that includes determinations of higher stress‐testing levels and their corresponding sample‐size allocations. The existing results mainly focused on the case of a single accelerating variable. However, this may not be practical when the quality characteristics of the product have slow degradation rates. To overcome this difficulty, we propose an analytical approach to address this decision‐making problem using the case of two accelerating variables. Specifically, based on the criterion of minimizing the asymptotic variance of the estimated q quantile of lifetime distribution of the product, we analytically show that the optimal stress levels and sample‐size allocations can be simultaneously obtained via a general equivalence theorem. In addition, we use a practical example to illustrate the proposed procedure.     

救生伞背带参数对假人动载的影响研究

针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验,建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型,分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。在合理简化的基础上,采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型;采用质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型,连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人;利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应,验证所建立模型的合理性。分析脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响,用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

救生伞背带分系统对假人动载的影响

为了改善救生伞背带分系统的安全性,建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型,分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验,采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型;采用半质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型,连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人;利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应,验证所建立模型的合理性。分析了脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响,可用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

基于ISM的作战仿真模型体系结构建模?

作战仿真模型体系结构的描述是一个复杂的问题,传统的方法难以清晰描述各要素之间的内在关系。采用解释结构模型的方法对模型体系中的继承、组合关系进行形式化建模,在对体系要素进行简化抽象的基础上,通过矩阵运算和逻辑推理完成对体系内所有要素的关系描述,能够实现对复杂模型体系的结构化描述和简洁化表达。     

公共服务均等化视域下新疆南疆教育扶持政策研究

新疆南疆落后的经济社会造成教育发展缓慢、水平低下,大力发展南疆教育具有极端重要性,近年来国家对南疆教育实施了一系列扶持政策并且取得了良好的效果。本文运用公共服务均等化的分析框架,对南疆教育扶持政策所体现出的价值取向、政府职能转变,以及教育公共服务均等化的物质基础和逻辑起点等四个方面进行了理性分析,并从大力发展国民经济、优化资源配置机制和完善转移支付制度三个角度提出优化南疆教育均等化的建议。     

飞秒激光脉冲测量原理与数值模拟分析方法

飞秒fs(1fs=10~(-15)s)激光脉冲测量是飞秒激光技术中非常重要的研究内容,由于测量的复杂性,操作上一般是实际测量与数值模拟结合进行,因而非常注重测量的方法性,但在实际测量中,许多测量者只注重单一方法的使用,最终往往很难达到理想的结果。为此,在对自相关测量法原理作简要介绍的基础上,着重阐述了近年发展起来的基于其上的光学频率光栅开关法(FROG)和自参考光谱位相相干电场重建法(SPIDER)的原理,及其数值模拟分析方法,以给实际测量者提供一个较全面的方法参考选择。     

荧光分析技术在单个生物分子行为及实时检测中的应用

活细胞单分子行为及实时检测研究是生命科学向微观世界深入探索的一个重要标志,它需要生物、化学、物理等多学科的交叉,已经成为目前研究的一个热点。该领域主要研究内容有细胞内单个大分子的实时研究、细胞内大分子的超微量实时检测。文章介绍了近年来对活细胞单分子行为及实时检测研究的几种荧光分析技术及其应用,涉及到的荧光分析技术有全内反射荧光显微术、荧光共振能量转移术、多光子荧光成像术、荧光相关光谱、光漂白后荧光恢复技术、荧光寿命成像显微术、单分子荧光偏振等。这些荧光分析技术以其快速、无损、时空分辨率高的特点,成为了研究单个生物分子行为的重要手段。     

Optimal search for a moving target with the option to wait

We investigate the problem in which an agent has to find an object that moves between two locations according to a discrete Markov process (Pollock, Operat Res 18 (1970) 883–903). At every period, the agent has three options: searching left, searching right, and waiting. We assume that waiting is costless whereas searching is costly. Moreover, when the agent searches the location that contains the object, he finds it with probability 1 (i.e. there is no overlooking). Waiting can be useful because it could induce a more favorable probability distribution over the two locations next period. We find an essentially unique (nearly) optimal strategy, and prove that it is characterized by two thresholds (as conjectured by Weber, J Appl Probab 23 (1986) 708–717). We show, moreover, that it can never be optimal to search the location with the lower probability of containing the object. The latter result is far from obvious and is in clear contrast with the example in Ross (1983) for the model without waiting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009