Excess procurement strategies by a dominant buyer under constrained supply

Supply chains are often characterized by the presence of a dominant buyer purchasing from a supplier with limited capacity. We study such a situation where a single supplier sells capacity to an established and more powerful buyer and also to a relatively less powerful buyer. The more powerful buyer enjoys the first right to book her capacity requirements at supplier's end, and then the common supplier fulfills the requirement of the less powerful buyer. We find that when the supplier's capacity is either too low (below the lower threshold) or too high (above the higher threshold), there is no excess procurement as compared to the case when supplier has infinite capacity. When the supplier's capacity is between these two thresholds, the more powerful buyer purchases an excess amount in comparison to the infinite capacity case.     

Stochastic production capacity: A bane or a boon for quick response supply chains?

The quick response (QR) system that can cope with demand volatility by shortening lead time has been well studied in the literature. Much of the existing literature assumes implicitly or explicitly that the manufacturers under QR can always meet the demand because the production capacity is always sufficient. However, when the order comes with a short lead time under QR, availability of the manufacturer's production capacity is not guaranteed. This motivates us to explore QR in supply chains with stochastic production capacity. Specifically, we study QR in a two-echelon supply chain with Bayesian demand information updating. We consider the situation where the manufacturer's production capacity under QR is uncertain. We first explore how stochastic production capacity affects supply chain decisions and QR implementation. We then incorporate the manufacturer's ability to expand capacity into the model. We explore how the manufacturer determines the optimal capacity expansion decision, and the value of such an ability to the supply chain and its agents. Finally, we extend the model to the two-stage two-ordering case and derive the optimal ordering policy by dynamic programming. We compare the single-ordering and two-ordering cases to generate additional managerial insights about how ordering flexibility affects QR when production capacity is stochastic. We also explore the transparent supply chain and find that our main results still hold.     

Data-driven research in retail operations—A review

We review the operations research/management science literature on data-driven methods in retail operations. This line of work has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks to the availability of high-quality data, improvements in computing hardware, and parallel developments in machine learning methodologies. We survey state-of-the-art studies in three core aspects of retail operations—assortment optimization, order fulfillment, and inventory management. We then conclude the paper by pointing out some interesting future research possibilities for our community.     

美军战术车辆作战试验现状分析

以美军战术车辆为研究对象,介绍了美军战术车辆的基本概况,分析了美军战术车辆作战试验类型,系统研究了美军轻型、中型、重型战术车辆及防地雷反伏击车的作战试验现状和特点,提出了对我军开展战术车辆作战试验的启示。     

希尔伯特-黄变换在脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别中的应用

针对传统方法无法有效识别不同尺寸细小裂纹所产生的脉冲涡流信号,提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换的脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别算法。对脉冲涡流信号进行集成经验模态分解并通过归一化自相关函数及其方差特性分选出含有噪声的本征模态函数;对含噪声的本征模态函数进行阈值消噪并与未做处理的本征模态函数重构成无噪声信号;对无噪声信号进行希尔伯特-黄变换并计算出希尔伯特边际谱;根据希尔伯特边际谱的差异识别出不同细小尺寸的表面与下表面裂纹。实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性,经过集成经验模态分解消噪,消除了噪声对脉冲涡流信号的干扰;而基于希尔伯特-黄变换的方法则能够有效识别出不同尺寸的裂纹。     

层流介质中金属板腐蚀电位分布研究

为了研究流动介质中产生的静电场,结合电化学和流体力学相关知识建立层流介质中金属板模型,利用贝塞尔函数展开及其逆运算推导出在三层介质中基于点电荷模型的腐蚀电位解析表达式,同时计算出金属板产生的电场。运用推导出的解析表达式计算出在流动介质中任意场点处金属板随不同流速产生的腐蚀电位,并通过实验验证结果的正确性。结果表明,对层流条件下电化学反应产生的电流密度所建模型的结果与实验测量数据吻合度较高,同时电场分布也会随着流体流速及层流方向上长度的变化而发生变化。     

复杂作战任务弹药配备模型

多阶段任务系统(PMS)是一种典型的复杂系统,它包括多个在时间上连续且无相互重叠的基本任务,武器系统的作战过程多数属于这种复杂系统.以某作战单元的一次作战任务流程为例,详细地讨论了多阶段复杂任务系统的特点,并从基本任务阶段的系统可信性、可用度的角度出发,分析了在满足给定火力指标的前提下,建立整个复杂作战任务流程中弹药配备模型的方法.     

自适应交互多模型火控跟踪算法

以舰载近程防空火控系统的跟踪预测为背景,提出一种自适应的交互式多模型跟踪算法,模型集合取为"当前"统计模型和匀速直线模型.该算法采用后验估计的方法在线辩识及自适应调整上述两个模型的噪声方差,并且采用加权系数限定准则,实现机动目标运动模式与模型集合的自适应.仿真计算证明了该模型算法的有效性.     

永磁无刷直流直线电机齿槽力补偿控制研究

永磁无刷直流直线电机的齿槽定位力对其低速性能影响很大,而单纯的设计方法不可能完全消除齿槽力的影响,为此,必须在控制系统中对齿槽力进行补偿。针对包含齿槽力模型的理想电机控制系统进行了理论分析,指出通过引入位置反馈环节可以消除齿槽力的不良影响。利用有限元分析方法计算了电机的推力和齿槽力波形,验证了低速条件下推力波动主要由齿槽力引起,并说明可以通过位置反馈来补偿推力波动。最后,提出将一个齿槽力周期分为多个区间,然后分段进行线性补偿的简易控制方法。该方法无需高精度的定位装置和复杂的控制算法即可实现对电机齿槽力的补偿,实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效抑制电机的推力波动。     

Simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products: A two‐stage stochastic program with additional demand after recourse

This paper analyzes the simultaneous production of market‐specific products tailored to the needs of individual regions and a global product that could be sold in many regions. We assume that the global product costs more to manufacture, but allows the decision concerning the allocation of products to regions to be delayed until after the manufacturing process has been completed. We further assume that there is additional demand after the region allocation but prior to delivery, extending the two‐stage stochastic program with recourse to include additional stochastic demand after the recourse. This scenario arises, for example, when there is additional uncertainty during a delivery delay which might occur with transoceanic shipments. We develop conditions for optimality assuming a single build‐allocate‐deliver cycle and stochastic demand during both the build and deliver periods. The optimal policy calls for the simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products, even when the global product is substantially more costly than the market‐specific product. In addition, we develop bounds on the performance of the optimal policy for the multicycle problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 438–461, 2003