The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and popular support: counterterrorism towards an insurgency nature

The PKK has been a prolonged problem in Turkey, and various measures have been adopted to diminish and end the violence. In addition to the impacts on violence, these policies have also had an impact on public opinion and ethnic awareness of Kurds in Turkey. This article analyzes these policies and their effects on electoral support for the PKK by examining the vote shares of the pro-PKK political parties in national and local elections. It concludes that Turkey has conceptualized the issue solely as a problem of terrorism, but the goal, strategy, organization, and format of violence used by the PKK reflect the nature of an insurgency. Therefore, it is argued that Turkey, by ignoring the insurgency features, has disregarded the legitimate parts of the cause and related popular support, and thus has responded mostly with deterrent measures apart from the reforms of recent years. Results have shown that policies of deterrence culminated in a steady level of support for the PKK indicating that low level of legitimacy – as they were perceived by the people – of the policies resulted in viable popular and political support for the PKK. Despite the recent accommodative reforms, the existence of pro-PKK parties rallying electoral support in the political arena provided sustained level activities in the conventional politics in Turkey's municipal and national political system, in which they pursue pro-PKK agendas, such as ‘Autonomy’ and ‘Confederation’ as well as activities to increase the distinction in identity around the ethnic consciousness for more popular support. Yet, no clear pattern is identified between violence level and popular support in the macro-scale.     

The effect of foreign state support to UNITA during the Angolan War (1975–1991)

ABSTRACT

State support for foreign rebel groups has become more salient, yet it remains unclear how this affects armed conflict. This paper therefore analyses the effect of foreign government assistance and does so in the typical case of the Angolan War (1975–1991). It argues that South African and United States support greatly helped the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) wage a large and sustained insurgency campaign but was ultimately insufficient to overthrow the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) government because it enabled the incumbent government to obtain similar foreign assistance and because the level of aid awarded to UNITA fluctuated strongly, preventing it from engaging in meaningful long-term planning.     

基于CBM的航空装备保障费用动态分析

目前航空装备的保障普遍存在保障费用高和装备可用度低的问题。针对视情维修(Condition-based Maintenance,简称CBM)在新一代航空装备中的应用,以保证航空装备的战备完好性,降低维修保障费用为目标,应用系统动力学原理,建立基于视情维修的航空装备保障费用的动态反馈结构模型。仿真结果表明,将视情维修方法应用到航空装备保障,可有效降低保障费用,提高战备完好率。     

基于复杂网络的维修保障力量体系建模方法

针对传统的层级式维修保障力量体系在维修保障过程中暴露出的缺陷,从维修保障力量体系与复杂网络的相似性角度出发,提出用复杂网络理论来研究维修保障力量体系。在对维修保障力量活动过程进行网络化抽象的基础上,建立了维修保障力量网络的拓扑模型,提出了描述维修保障力量网络的特征量。以师维修保障力量体系作为研究对象建立了网络拓扑模型,并对该网络结构作了适当改进。通过一系列对比发现改进后的网络更有利于维修保障,这为维修保障力量体系建设提供了一种新思路和新方法。     

基于小波变换和支持向量机的水下目标分类方法

水下目标识别技术是世界各国十分重视的研究课题之一,具有重要的理论和应用价值。简要介绍了小波变换、多分辨率分析及支持向量机的基本原理,针对舰船辐射噪声信号,利用小波变换来完成信号的预处理和滤波,在小波变换后信号的多尺度子空间上提取信号的能量特征参数,归一化处理后构建特征向量,最后用支持向量机算法进行分类。仿真结果表明,利用小波变换的多分辨率分析和支持向量机能对舰船辐射噪声信号进行有效分类识别。     

基于粗糙集支持向量机的空袭目标识别

为提高对空袭目标的识别能力,提出了一种基于粗糙集支持向量机的空袭目标识别方法.该模型用RS方法构建SVM数据处理系统的前置系统,充分利用RS理论在处理大数据量,消除冗余信息等方面的优势,减少了SVM训练数据,克服了SVM算法因为数据量太大而导致处理速度慢的缺点.根据分类识别的要求,在RS-SVM两类分类算法的基础上,建...     

邻近支持向量机的阵列波束优化

针对标准支持向量回归波束形成器的计算复杂度高、内存开销大、训练速度慢的缺点,提出了邻近支持向量机(Proximal Support Vector Machine,PSVM)波束优化方法。PSVM打破了通过对偶问题求解原问题的传统思维,将支持向量回归的约束条件等式化,直接对原问题进行分析与求解,给出了基于PSVM波束形成器的优化模型及具体实现过程,并进行了数值仿真实验。研究结果表明,在保持波束形成器性能基本不变的情况下,降低了计算复杂度,减少了内存开销,提高了训练速度。与传统的支持向量回归波束形成相比,具有良好的快速性,为波束形成器的优化设计提供了一种新的有效方法。     

多属性决策的战时集群装备维修保障需求优先级评估

集群装备维修保障需求优先级评估是战时集群装备维修保障决策的前提和基础.通过对集群装备维修保障需求的分析和量化,依据多属性决策理论和方法,建立了集群装备维修保障需求优先级评估的属性集和模型,把战损装备的客观信息与决策者的主观权重偏好信息有机集成,并通过示例介绍了集群装备抢修排序的求解过程.研究结果表明,该方法是可行有效的...     

科技创新引领下的武警部队现代化装备建设发展思路与策略

推进武警部队现代化装备建设跨越发展,需要认清现状、更新观念、明确目标,确立没有科技创新就没有真正意义上的现代化装备建设的观念。武警装备科技创新,应在注重装备理论研究、加强非致命武器研发、拓展特种器材研制上实现新的突破和跨越;要在创新科技人才建设机制、完善装备科研管理机制、建立装备研发保障机制上增强科技创新能力,发挥科技创新引领的作用。     

试论应急管理体系的财政支撑

从2003年的“非典”开始,我国逐步建立起了一套应急管理体系,在南方冰雪灾害、汶川地震以及今年的玉树地震和南方水灾等抗震救灾工作中发挥作用并不断完善。财政支撑在应急管理体系中有着至关重要的作用。对目前我国应急财政管理现状进行分析,结合对外国应急管理体系先进做法的借鉴,提出了对建立健全应急财政支撑体系的政策建议。