基于自适应变异粒子群算法的火力分配方法研究

针对最优火力分配的特点,分析了火力分配优化问题的数学模型,设计了一种求解该类问题的自适应变异粒子群算法（Adaptive Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization, AMPSO）。该算法采用十进制编码方法和基于数值运算的个体更新方法;为平衡算法的局部搜索能力和全局收敛性能,设计了一种关键参数自适应调整方法;为增强种群在进化后期的多样性,提出了一种变异策略。仿真结果表明,所提AMPSO算法具有良好的寻优性能,是优化火力分配的一种有效算法。     

多目标多火力通道云调度策略研究

在水面舰艇面对多目标饱和攻击时,对多火力通道的最佳调度是水面舰艇自防御武器系统火力分配的关键问题。本文采用云模型方法将多目标威胁判断与反导武器系统多火力通道状态相匹配,通过实时评估目标威胁等级、武器系统抗击时间和最佳抗击距离等因素,提出一种兼顾目标和火力通道实时状态的新调度策略——云调度策略,有效降低舰艇损伤程度,提高反导武器系统抗击效率和抗击质量。仿真证明,此策略可提高整体反导防御效能。     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

A cooperative interference resource allocation method based on improved firefly algorithm

To deal with the radio frequency threat posed by modern complex radar networks to aircraft, we researched the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations radar countermeasures, aiming at the solution of radar jamming resource allocation under system countermeasures. A jamming resource allocation method based on an improved firefly algorithm (FA) is proposed. Firstly, the comprehensive factors affecting the level of threat and interference efficiency of radiation source are quantified by a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Besides, the interference efficiency matrix and the objective function of the allocation model are determined to establish the interference resource allocation model. Finally, A mutation operator and an adaptive heuristic are integtated into the FA algorithm, which searches an interference resource allocation scheme. The simulation results show that the improved FA algorithm can compensate for the deficiencies of the FA algorithm. The improved FA algorithm provides a more sci-entific and reasonable decision-making plan for aircraft mission allocation and can effectively deal with the battlefield threats of the enemy radar network. Moreover, in terms of convergence accuracy and speed as well as algorithm stability, the improved FA algorithm is superior to the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), the niche genetic algorithm (NGA), the improved discrete cuckoo algorithm (IDCS), the mutant firefly algorithm (MFA), the cuckoo search and fireflies algorithm (CSFA), and the best neighbor firefly algorithm (BNFA).     

The Force Publique’s campaigns in the Congo-Arab War, 1892-1894

ABSTRACT

Between 1892 and 1894 the Force Publique of King Leopold II’s Congo Free State engaged in a series of little-known counter-insurgency operations against ivory and slave traders from Zanzibar, commonly referred to as Arabs. Without a particularly strong tradition of imperial service, this article argues that the predominantly Belgian officer corps borrowed and adapted methods used by more experienced colonial forces in the 19^th Century. Whether taken from existing literature or learned through experience, it reveals that the Force Publique’s counter-insurgency methods reflected many of the more recognisable aspects of traditional French and British approaches. It suggests that, despite the unique nature of each colonial campaign, basic principles could be adapted by whomsoever to overcome the military and political challenges of colonial conquest. The Force Publique’s campaigns in the Congo-Arab War, therefore, provide further evidence as to how some base theories could be universally applied.