Production‐inventory systems with imperfect advance demand information and updating

We consider a supplier with finite production capacity and stochastic production times. Customers provide advance demand information (ADI) to the supplier by announcing orders ahead of their due dates. However, this information is not perfect, and customers may request an order be fulfilled prior to or later than the expected due date. Customers update the status of their orders, but the time between consecutive updates is random. We formulate the production‐control problem as a continuous‐time Markov decision process and prove there is an optimal state‐dependent base‐stock policy, where the base‐stock levels depend upon the numbers of orders at various stages of update. In addition, we derive results on the sensitivity of the state‐dependent base‐stock levels to the number of orders in each stage of update. In a numerical study, we examine the benefit of ADI, and find that it is most valuable to the supplier when the time between updates is moderate. We also consider the impact of holding and backorder costs, numbers of updates, and the fraction of customers that provide ADI. In addition, we find that while ADI is always beneficial to the supplier, this may not be the case for the customers who provide the ADI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Inventory control in divergent supply chains with time‐based dispatching and shipment consolidation

This article analyses a divergent supply chain consisting of a central warehouse and N nonidentical retailers. The focus is on joint evaluation of inventory replenishment and shipment consolidation effects. A time‐based dispatching and shipment consolidation policy is used at the warehouse in conjunction with real‐time point‐of‐sale data and centralized inventory information. This represents a common situation, for example, in various types of vendor managed inventory systems. The main contribution is the derivation of an exact recursive procedure for determining the expected inventory holding and backorder costs for the system, under the assumption of Poisson demand. Two heuristics for determining near optimal shipment intervals are also presented. The results are applicable both for single‐item and multiitem systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 59–71, 2011     

A combination of Lagrangian relaxation and column generation for order batching in steelmaking and continuous‐casting production

This article considers the order batching problem in steelmaking and continuous‐casting production. The problem is to jointly specify the slabs needed to satisfy each customer order and group all the slabs of different customer orders into production batches. A novel mixed integer programming model is formulated for the problem. Through relaxing the order assignment constraints, a Lagrangian relaxation model is then obtained. By exploiting the relationship between Lagrangian relaxation and column generation, we develop a combined algorithm that contains nested double loops. At the inner loop, the subgradient method is applied for approximating the Lagrangian dual problem and pricing out columns of the master problem corresponding to the linear dual form of the Lagrangian dual problem. At the outer loop, column generation is employed to solve the master problem exactly and adjust Lagrangian multipliers. Computational experiments are carried out using real data collected from a large steel company, as well as on large‐scaled problem instances randomly generated. The results demonstrate that the combined algorithm can obtain tighter lower bound and higher quality solution within an acceptable computation time as compared to the conventional Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

基于阵列法检测的激光驾束制导信息场特征提取技术

改变了传统激光驾束制导信息场阵元法检测模式,基于信号处理及阵列法检测技术,构建了制导信息场的检测系统,阐述了基于阵列法检测的信息场评估方法,详细介绍了信息场特征提取技术和硬件实现方法。该方法解决了信息场检测校准精度要求高、过程复杂、人员需求数量多等诸多难题,减少了检测对制导激光器的损伤,使用简便、快捷、高效,已被应用于多种激光驾束制导设备的检测。     

激光熔覆搭接过程残余应力应变的有限元计算

激光熔覆过程中产生的残余应力与应变对熔覆层的裂纹开裂倾向有重要影响。利用有限元法对激光多道搭接过程熔覆层的残余应力和应变进行计算,计算过程中主要考虑瞬时温度变化引起的热应力、σ-ε曲线、有限元网格、力学边界条件4个方面。热应力主要在温度场计算结果的基础上求得;σ-ε曲线采用的是线性强化材料的弹塑性曲线;有限元网格主要采用分区划分的形式进行。通过计算,得到了搭接后的熔覆层上关键点的残余应力和应变分别为1 400 MPa和2.2×10^-2。结果表明：搭接熔覆层交界处的点产生焊趾裂纹的倾向最大,第1道熔覆顶点处产生横向裂纹的倾向次之。     

成膜树脂对防静电涂层高温电阻率影响研究

采用石英灯加热、电阻率动态测试的方法,研究了成膜树脂对防静电涂层高温电阻率的影响.结果表明,成膜树脂对防静电涂层室温和高温表面电阻率都有明显影响.不同类型的树脂,其涂层表面电阻率升高的起始温度和电阻率峰值不同.单组分树脂起始温度低,峰值小;而双组分树脂起始温度高,峰值大.     

XNAV中的相对论效应(II)——光线弯曲和引力延缓

详细讨论了XNAV基本方程中的广义相对论效应之一:脉冲星到观测者的光线弯曲和传播时间的引力延缓。计算出1PN度规下的光线弯曲轨迹和时间延缓以及2PN度规下的引力延缓,文中得到的结论是对现行公式的修正。     

磁悬挂天平偏航电磁场的二维有限元分析

在磁悬挂天平偏航控制中,偏航线圈中的电流变化对模型姿态变化影响十分显著.为了提高天平的偏航控制精度,有必要对天平偏航电磁场进行更为精确的分析.该文采用有限单元法对磁悬挂天平偏航电磁场进行了分析,得到了比传统计算方法更为准确的结果,并在实验中进行了验证,从而为磁悬挂天平的偏航控制提供了参考.     

On‐line parameter estimation for a partially observable system subject to random failure

In this paper, we study the on‐line parameter estimation problem for a partially observable system subject to deterioration and random failure. The state of the system evolves according to a continuous time homogeneous Markov process with a finite state space. The system state is not observable, except for the failure state. The information related to the system state is available at discrete times through inspections. A recursive maximum likelihood (RML) algorithm is proposed for the on‐line parameter estimation of the model. The RML algorithm proposed in the paper is considerably faster and easier to apply than other RML algorithms in the literature, because it does not require projection into the constraint domain and calculation of the gradient on the surface of the constraint manifolds. The algorithm is illustrated by an example using real vibration data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

等离子体粒子模拟中的电磁场边界条件

针对等离子体粒子模拟中电磁场边界条件的选取问题 ,对简单吸收边界条件、Lindman边界条件、超吸收边界条件等进行了详细的讨论。结果表明 ,简单吸收边界条件计算量最小、误差最大 ,超吸收边界条件计算量最大、误差最小 ,Lindman边界条件误差较小且其反射系数对入射角的依赖性不大