Hazard evaluation of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity for three typical MH2 (M＝Mg,Ti, Zr) of energetic materials

MgH2, TiH2, and ZrH2 are three typical metal hydrides that have been gradually applied to composite explosives and propellants as additives in recent years. To evaluate ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, the Hartmann device and spherical pressure vessel were used to test ignition energy and ex-plosion pressure, respectively. The results showed that the ignition sensitivity of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 gradually increased. When the concentration of MgH2 is 83.0 g/m3 in Hartmann device, the ignition energy attained a minimum of 10.0 mJ. The explosion pressure of MgH2 were 1.44 times and 1.76 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, and the explosion pressure rising rate were 3.97 times and 9.96 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, through the spherical pressure vessel. It indicated that the reaction reactivity and reaction rate of MgH2 were higher than that of TiH2 and ZrH2. In addition, to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, gas production and combus-tion heat per unit mass of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 were tested by mercury manometer and oxygen bomb calorimetry. The experimental results revealed that MgH2 had a relatively high gas production per unit mass (5.15 mL/g), while TiH2 and ZrH2 both had a gas production of less than 2.0 mL/g. Their thermal stability gradually increased, leading to a gradual increase in ignition energy. Furthermore, compared with theoretical combustion heat, the combustion ratio of MgH2, TiH2 and ZrH2 was more than 96.0%, with combustion heat value of 29.96, 20.94 and 12.22 MJ/kg, respectively, which was consistent with the explosion pressure and explosion severity test results.     

Single machine scheduling with a restricted rate‐modifying activity

In this paper we consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine on which a rate‐modifying activity may be performed. The rate‐modifying activity is an activity that changes the production rate of the machine. So the processing time of a job is a variable, which depends on whether it is scheduled before or after the rate‐modifying activity. We assume that the rate‐modifying activity can take place only at certain predetermined time points, which is a constrained case of a similar problem discussed in the literature. The decisions under consideration are whether and when to schedule the rate‐modifying activity, and how to sequence the jobs in order to minimize some objectives. We study the problems of minimizing makespan and total completion time. We first analyze the computational complexity of both problems for most of the possible versions. The analysis shows that the problems are NP‐hard even for some special cases. Furthermore, for the NP‐hard cases of the makespan problem, we present a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm and a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. For the total completion time problem, we provide a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case with agreeable modifying rates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

作战活动分析方法与建模

作战功能是作战节点具备的履行作战活动的能力,作战任务是作战节点履行作战活动的原因和目的.首先,从研究作战任务、作战功能、作战活动等基本概念着手,分析作战任务、作战功能和作战活动三者之间的关系.然后,建立模型,通过数学关系式a=A(f,t)说明作战活动是作战功能、作战任务的二维函数,作战节点履行什么作战活动由作战功能和需要完成的作战任务共同决定;在此基础上,构建作战功能、作战任务、作战活动三者的关系矩阵,用关系矩阵的形式分析、描述作战节点履行的作战活动;最后,结合IDEF0建模方法,给出分析、确定作战活动的基本步骤.     

A Note on the Effect of Terrorism on Economic Sentiment

This study documents that unforeseen events like terrorist attacks can be linked to the formation of Economic Sentiment after controlling for sentiment’s economic drivers. By utilizing dynamic panel techniques, the Economic Sentiment Indicator, as well as one of its constituents Consumer Sentiment, for a pan-European panel of 27 countries appear to be negatively influenced by terrorism activity. Moreover, these negative effects are significant only in the post-9/11 era.     

无监督特征学习的人体活动识别

针对人的局限性可能会导致在提取特征中丢失重要信息,从而影响最终的识别效果问题,提出无监督特征学习技术的惯性传感器特征提取方法。其核心思想是使用无监督特征学习方法学习多个特征映射,再将所有特征映射拼接起来形成最终的特征计算方法。其优点是不会造成重要信息的损失,而且可以显著减少所使用的无监督特征学习模型的规模。为了验证所提出的特征提取方法在活动识别中的有效性,运用一个公开的活动识别数据集,使用三种常用无监督模型进行特征提取,并使用支持向量机进行活动识别。实验结果表明,特征提取方法取得了良好的效果,与其他方法相比具有一定的优势。     

How and why Boko Haram blossomed: examining the fatal consequences of treating a purposive terrorist organisation as less so

Boko Haram (BH) is an insurgent group that operates mainly in northeastern Nigeria. Its stated aim is to establish an Islamic state, and it employs terrorism as its strategy. Earlier interests of security analysts centred on the drivers of BH uprising and the possibility of its internationalisation. Today's concerns relate more to why the rebellion has lasted this long. In toeing the same line, this article demonstrates that BH is a purposive terror group against which the government has evolved no viable strategy. It examines some gains of BH over the past six years and how it benefitted from the government's underestimation of its capacity and determination. It concludes that to effectively engage BH, the Nigerian government must revaluate its threat and sincerely pursue an expanded strategy beyond the current military-centric approach. To be effective, government's response must be packaged in such a way as to enhance human security in the region.     

Why Boko Haram should be on the European Union list of designated terror groups

In the course of the last few years, the Islamic sect Boko Haram has become of great interest to academics, researchers and analysts. At the same time, experts, especially at the European Union (EU) level, have been reluctant to include Boko Haram in the EU list of terrorist organisations, despite the fact that this group has clearly demonstrated its transformation into a terrorist organisation. Security challenges and threats are, by definition, subject to change, and it is the task of security institutions to create policies to address these challenges and threats. Terrorism cannot be addressed in isolation, and policymakers are confronted at all levels with the difficult task of making sense of this evolution. By assessing the current security situation in Nigeria, this commentary tries to ascertain the potential repercussions to regional stability from the Boko Haram phenomenon. Insurgencies have often been initiated from and supported by neighbouring countries and have expanded conflicts across borders. Countering Boko Haram will require various institutions to conduct similar and concurrent counter-insurgent and counter-terrorist operations. At the global level, such co-ordination has often proven difficult. The EU has to keep the pace in this case.     

电子对抗指挥控制系统的行为功能需求

电子对抗指挥控制系统的军事需求分析是制约电子对抗指挥控制系统建设质量的关键。本文主要介绍了电子对抗指挥控制系统的行为功能需求。     

基于ABM方法的空间碎片网捕体系结构建模

空间碎片网捕是一种新型的空间碎片清理方式。首先介绍了基于活动的建模方法(ABM)以及进行体系结构建模的流程,之后基于系统的基本工作流程,使用System Architect软件对空间碎片网捕任务的体系结构进行了可视化建模,得到了典型的作战视图,并进行了任务流程的仿真;对理解空间目标网捕系统的功能、研究空间碎片网捕任务的流程,提出系统构建需求具有一定的参考价值。。     

维修保障单元设计方法研究

针对当前缺少维修保障单元设计方法及具体操作步骤的现状,对特定维修保障力量内部维修保障单元设计问题进行了分析。从维修保障单元的概念入手,以维修任务及其维修资源需求为基础,提出了维修保障单元设计的思路,并对具体的步骤、方法进行了说明。最后,结合具体的示例,对该方法的可行性和易用性进行了验证。