1902-1911年普通中小学堂图画课程改革述评

普通中小学堂图画课程是中国近代化的产物,从1902年＂壬寅学制＂在政策层面上确立了图画课程的地位开始一直到1911年,普通中小学堂图画课程进行了多次改革。这些改革开启了学校制度下中小学美术教育发展的进程,形成了重＂技＂的教育指导思想影响下的普通中小学堂图画课程,体现了浓厚的日本学校图画课程色彩,编纂了我国第一批普通中小学图画课程教科书。虽然受时代条件所限,这一时期课程实施效果不尽如人意,但却反映了近代中国美术教育学人在这一时期的艰难探索和追求。     

Choosing arrival process models for service systems: Tests of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process

Service systems such as call centers and hospital emergency rooms typically have strongly time‐varying arrival rates. Thus, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) is a natural model for the arrival process in a queueing model for performance analysis. Nevertheless, it is important to perform statistical tests with service system data to confirm that an NHPP is actually appropriate, as emphasized by Brown et al. [8]. They suggested a specific statistical test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic after exploiting the conditional‐uniform (CU) property to transform the NHPP into a sequence of i.i.d. random variables uniformly distributed on [0,1] and then performing a logarithmic transformation of the data. We investigate why it is important to perform the final data transformation and consider what form it should take. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to study the power of these alternative statistical tests. We conclude that the general approach of Brown et al. [8] is excellent, but that an alternative data transformation proposed by Lewis [22], drawing upon Durbin [10], produces a test of an NHPP test with consistently greater power. We also conclude that the KS test after the CU transformation, without any additional data transformation, tends to be best to test against alternative hypotheses that primarily differ from an NHPP only through stochastic and time dependence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 66–90, 2014     

Some aging properties of parallel and series systems with a random number of components

In this article, we study aging properties of parallel and series systems with a random number of components. We show that the decreasing likelihood ratio property is closed under the formation of random minima. We also show, by counterexamples, that other aging properties are not closed under the formation of random minima or maxima. Some mistakes in the literature are corrected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 238–243, 2014     

Some comparisons of residual life of coherent systems with exchangeable components

Most of the research, on the study of the reliability properties of technical systems, assume that the components of the system operate independently. However, in real life situation, it is more reasonable to assume that there is dependency among the components of the system. In this article, we give sufficient conditions based on the signature and the joint distribution of component lifetimes to obtain stochastic ordering results for coherent and mixed systems with exchangeable components. Some stochastic orders on dynamic (or conditional) signature of coherent systems are also provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 549–556, 2014     

Counterinsurgency American style: Considering David Petraeus and twenty-first century irregular war

This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban.     

卫星导航系统的体系安全性分析方法

为了应对卫星导航系统内部复杂关系等体系特征为其安全分析带来的挑战、全面识别和分析卫星导航系统面临的体系安全威胁、提高系统的安全性和服务能力,基于功能依赖网络分析理论提出了从体系角度研究卫星导航系统安全性的建模方法,重点对导航系统内组件系统之间交互关系导致的危险传播、任意失效组合进行了后果分析和原因调查。仿真结果表明该方法能清晰地描述危险传播和失效组合的过程以及进行正逆向的推理分析,也证明了该方法在卫星导航系统安全分析问题上的潜力和适用性。     

顾及时空语义的多主题瓦片数据优化检索方法

针对虚拟地球可视化中多个逻辑图层叠加产生大量同名瓦片索引重叠引起的数据无效访问和内存冗余等问题,提出顾及时空语义的瓦片数据优化检索方法。在客户端实现顾及时空语义的自适应瓦片优选,将视点信息与数据集的时空范围、分辨率和优先级等语义信息自动匹配与自适应筛选过滤,显著提高目标瓦片数据的命中率;在服务器端实现面向主题的内存数据库瓦片数据缓存,进一步提高瓦片数据二次访问的响应速度。实验表明,该方法不受逻辑图层增量影响,保证目标瓦片较高的命中率,缓存方法进一步提升瓦片二次访问效率,显著提高面向多数据集的海量数据实时可视化性能。     

强激光在超音速射流剪切层中传播的数值研究

以波长10 6μm、半径0 1m、强度166W的高功率CO2激光束穿过二维超音速自由射流剪切层流场为计算模型,研究了由于强激光束辐射加热对流场的干扰以及激光束穿过超音速射流剪切层后远场光强分布的变化。结果表明:在不同的马赫数下超音速射流剪切层流场对激光束远场强度分布影响明显不同,流场密度分布的微小变化都会使光束远场强度分布产生显见的不同;对于透过超音速射流流场的非聚焦的强激光束,由强激光束所产生的辐射加热对流场所造成的干扰可以忽略。     

空军网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系构建?

针对目前网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系不完善、且缺乏分项指标计算方法模型等问题,从网络化作战对指挥信息系统的作战需求出发,研究构建了空军网络化指挥信息系统的作战效能评估指标体系,并提出了分项指标概念内涵和计算模型与方法,可为指挥信息系统研制提供参考和支撑,为其作战效能的客观评估提供指标体系和模型方法。