语文教师在中学作文教学中“导”的作用

中学作文教学是整个语文教学中十分重要的一环,传统的作文教学方法忽视学生的主体作用,而"写前-写中-写后"三阶段作文教学法突出了语文教师应有的"引导"作用,在作文教学中侧重对学生主体性的调动,让作文教学在语文教师"导"的作用下更好地成为教与学的互动平台,进一步提高学生的写作能力。     

The insurgency of the Vendée

The insurrection in the Vendée combined open warfare with the methods of petite guerre, ambushing French republican soldiers and cutting their supply lines to Paris. These tactics, when combined with the hatreds generated by a civil war, go far to explain to the cruelty of the conflict in the west and the depth of the hatreds it engendered. In republican eyes the use of guerrilla tactics was unjust and illegitimate, and they denounced their adversaries as common criminals and brigands, portraying them as backward, superstitious, even as subhuman, and in the process justified the savage repression they unleashed against them.     

动态拓扑图的卫星网络可视化方法

针对高度动态变化的卫星网络,提出一种基于动态拓扑图的可视化方法。动态拓扑图可视化的难点在于如何保持动态可视化过程中的稳定性,从而使用户容易地感知到网络中所发生的拓扑变化。根据卫星网络的动态变化特点,构建连续的动态拓扑图模型;设计一种保持布局稳定性的策略,并基于力引导思想提出一种动态拓扑图布局算法;以Iridium系统为典型实例,验证本文的可视化方法的合理性和可行性。实验表明,该方法能够以清晰的可视化图像支持用户对卫星网络动态拓扑的感知和理解。     

惯组动态测试台误差分析及附加运动补偿算法

为了完成惯组的高精度、大动态测试任务,基于Gough-Stewart平台设计了电动六自由度惯组动态测试台。建立了系统的误差模型并分析了电动缸长度误差对系统精度的影响,分析了电动缸在惯组动态测试台运动过程中产生的被动螺旋附加运动,并对该运动补偿算法进行了研究。对被动螺旋附加运动产生的误差进行量化分析,结果表明,被动螺旋附加运动对惯组动态测试台的位姿精度存在非常显著的影响。为了消除该影响,编制了补偿算法,并将其应用于惯组动态测试台的实时控制系统中。实验结果表明,经过算法补偿后,惯组动态测试台的位姿精度达到了设计指标要求。     

基于灰色神经网络的装甲部队油料消耗预测

油料消耗量的精确预测直接影响装甲部队后勤保障能力的提升,而传统预测模型精度不高,应用范围也有一定的局限,难以满足信息化战争精确保障的需要。提出一种装甲部队油料消耗预测的组合模型,对历史油料消耗数据和油耗影响因素进行统计分析,求出各影响因素与油耗量的关联度作为权重系数;通过改进GM(1,1)模型预测某部队下一次军事行动的油耗量;用GM(1,1)模型的预测值、加权后的各影响因素值和油耗实际值训练网络,对下一次想定的军事行动油耗量进行预测。通过平均相对误差计算表明,组合预测模型比单一的GM(1,1)模型预测精度高,能够较好地指导部队进行下一步的油料供管工作。     

复杂网络在作战建模中的应用研究

针对作战网络研究中的热点,以复杂网络在作战建模中的应用为主线对取得的研究成果进行了梳理,重点讨论了作战网络的基本拓扑模型、作战网络的抗毁性模型和作战过程的动态网络模型等,指出了作战网络研究中存在的问题以及未来值得进一步探讨的研究方向。     

基于流量均衡和跨层技术的星群路由算法

针对分布式星群网络业务通信QoS不高的问题,提出了一种基于流量均衡和跨层技术的分布式星群网络路由算法(TACA)。该算法首先通过跨层技术将物理层、MAC层的相关信息搜集起来,作为判断链路负载状况的依据;然后对不同类型的业务进行分类,根据链路负载状况和业务QoS级别选择不同的路由层次,从而均衡流量以提高QoS。仿真表明,该路由算法在一定程度上降低了星群的呼叫阻塞率和切换阻塞率,平衡了网络的负载,提高了网络吞吐量。     

Serious Rules for Nuclear Power Without Proliferation

The authors propose five principles for addressing the major deficiencies of the current treaty-based approach to nonproliferation. These involve: effectively closing the door to withdrawals from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT); defining which nuclear technologies fall within the NPT's “inalienable right” provision, so as to maintain a reasonable safety margin against possible military application; expansion of International Atomic Energy Agency inspections to include greater readiness to use its “special” inspection authority; creation of an NPT enforcement regime, to include a secretariat; and universalizing the NPT so as to apply to all states, while creating a path for current non-parties to come into compliance. There is no illusion here about the prospects for the adoption of this approach. At a minimum, the world needs to be frank about the gap between nuclear programs and current nonproliferation protection. Encouragement of greater use of nuclear power should be predicated on closing that gap.     

Globalisation in the defence industry: An exploration of the paradigm for us and European defence firms and the implications for being global players

This paper explores some of the key issues associated with the restructuring of the defence industry. A comparison is made between the US and the European Defence Industrial Bases in terms of the drivers for change and the paradigms within which change has taken place. Having shown that some very important differences exist, the paper then explores the approaches that have been adopted for industry consolidation and references them to the academic literature on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and strategic alliances (SAs). Given that most of the key defence players recognise the need to be global players, the paper presents an argument that the European firms’ experience of operating with a wide range of forms of corporate alliance will serve them in good stead for operating on a global defence scale. US firms, in contrast, have focused largely on M&A activity.     

‘Fighting for peace’

In Africa, most of the present conflicts are civil, intra-state wars where belligerent groups use guerrilla tactics to achieve various political, economic or ideological objectives. The atrocities and the effect of these on-going wars on innocent civilians, human suffering, poverty and development are beyond comprehension. Not surprisingly, the majority of current peace operations are in Africa, with more than 70 countries contributing forces to these conflict zones. On the continent, South Africa has come to assume a leading role in peace operations and is now a major troop-contributing country to UN and AU missions. In the past 11 years, the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) has taken part in no fewer than 14 peace missions. This article provides a brief background of the conflicts in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sudan, the different United Nations (UN) and African Union (AU) mandates under which peacekeepers had to operate as well as their objectives, and the extent of South Africa's involvement in the various missions. In the last section, the major challenges, that these operations have posed are highlighted.